Project Charter for Construction of football pitch at Coventry University

Brief depiction/venture reason The primary motivation behind the task is to develop a cutting edge football pitch for utilization of the understudies at Coventry University, which will limit the expense of leasing play areas and benefit simple access of the office for the understudies. As of now, the college understudies encounters insufficient football and pitch offices gave by Coventry University.Advertising We will compose a custom coursework test on Project Charter for Construction of football pitch at Coventry University explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More what's more, the current office doesn't offer modernized types of assistance that draw in more prominent investment of the understudies. To accomplish the target of guaranteeing most extreme understudy cooperation with an expected 60%, Coventry University tasks to introduce magnificent games and football office with a broad practice and seating limit. The undertaking will be exclusively financed by Coventry University acquired from its accessible assets. The college will redistribute the development and consultancy administrations from the outside suppliers. Be that as it may, the University building and HR offices will serve to fill the work and mastery holes with a perspective on decreasing the task costs. Articulation of necessities The hidden issues anticipated for arrangement by the undertaking The task will address the difficulties confronting understudies at Coventry University. These issues incorporate the accompanying: The understudies have consistently needed satisfactory and present day football pitch and offices provided by Coventry University. This circumstance has since brought about low or poor college positioning dependent on understudy review results to survey their fulfillment levels as for administration conveyance of the Coventry University. Significant expenses for understudies wishing to get to present day and productive football pitch offices stay a prominent iss ue. Studies show that albeit a generally huge number of understudies search out outer administrations to rehearse; in this way the foundation of the football grounds inside the college will limit the threats related with remotely uncontrolled dangers. Weakening of football and related ability in the University following need o appropriately established playing and field offices. The college cooperation in football match-ups has stayed insignificant with terrible showing because of absence of ability growth.Advertising Looking for coursework on venture the executives? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The current poor playing and practice office has prompted low understudy interest. Hence, the University’s acknowledgment of this looming circumstance requires the development of the football pitch the meets the present and future requests for understudies and the world’s football prerequisites on the loose. Requiremen ts of the venture The hidden issues distinguished by the undertaking takes into consideration a basic assessment of the necessities relevant to explaining them. The following is a rundown of necessities that the venture must address with a point of taking care of the issues: The task for the development of the football pitch office must be situated close to the University premises for simple access of the understudies. The task must give further developed and quality football pitch that will lessen strain on the current office gave by Coventry University. The proposed development should offer moderate additional offices for the understudies than those gave by the metropolitan and private speculators around. This targets guaranteeing an arrival on venture inside the attainable speculation time frame. The task Opportunities The venture can give various chances to the partners, including the clients, supports and the customer if very much finished according to the plausibility study di rected by the undertaking lead group. A portion of the open doors foreseen after the fruitful culmination of the venture incorporate the accompanying: Judges and Sons development will be exceptionally authorize in the event that they complete the task inside the three crucial parts of value, time period, and spending plan. For this situation, the organization will profit by future advancements inside the college and outside developments. This open door will recognize its administration from the remainder of the players in the development business given the furious culmination as of now experienced by the organization. The venture will help the nature of University positioning dependent on improved understudy review results due to expanded fulfillment levels. After understanding an arrival on the venture, Coventry University can channel the returns into other speculation tasks to support its monetary limit with respect to expanded turn of events. The undertaking will bring about deve lopment of football ability at the University on account of expanded support of understudies. Venture goals Studies show that any task or movement must be guided by appropriately neatens destinations. These targets ought to consent to the characteristics, for example, quantifiability, accuracy, time period, and feasibility. The task envisions satisfying various targets after its consummation of the development. These destinations incorporate the accompanying: To expand the present number of understudy interest in football exercises at Coventry University by in any event 60% before the finish of December 2013. To give a top notch playing office for the understudies before the finish of December 2013 To guarantee effective administration of time during the whole venture time frame To keep up exclusive expectations of maintainable ecological security all through the undertaking time frame To guarantee high wellbeing at the building site consistently to limit site wounds To create and d istribute the development structures and plans inside the initial 5 months of the arranging time frame To guarantee that the task cost is inside the planned measure of 3 million pounds To guarantee appropriate responsibility and the executives of undertaking finances Project Sponsor, customer and task director Project Client Coventry University will claim the venture under proposed development subsequently, the Coventry University will be the customer to the undertaking Project Sponsor Coventry University will subsidize the undertaking exclusively from its accessible assets. In spite of the fact that the customer will redistribute administrations from the outside development organization, it will give some considerable work from its structure and plan division. The task support and the venture supervisor will direct audit gatherings inside which they will consider on the undertaking targets, expectations, and financial plan. Venture director The task trough will remain the general a dministrator of the undertaking all through the length of the venture. The venture director will effectively design, execute, screen, assess, and control the task angles. The undertaking trough will be the organizer between the venture and the support through readiness of the week after week progress reports to the greatest advantage of the customer and in accordance with the task standards.Advertising We will compose a custom coursework test on Project Charter for Construction of football pitch at Coventry University explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Project Scope The undertaking will involve the essential arranging and structure of the development of the football pitch. The conclusion of the task will be dependent upon legitimate finishing review and modification where important to guarantee consistence with the set expectations. The venture will incorporate stages inside which to achieve explicit expectations examined underneath. Task Deliverables To give pla ying ground and office that is less expensive by in any event 15% contrasted with offices gave by the close by private grounds. To give a venture Gannt diagram that traces the task calendar of exercises and their fulfillment time. To convey economical natural wellbeing during the task term To fuse different safety efforts that incorporate CCTV and other mechanized access strategies. To plan the best approach that can decide and deliver the most secure and sterile conditions Project Stakeholders Budget The undertaking proposes a complete spending of roughly 3 million pounds. These sums have been partitioned into explicit work bundles with a perspective on keeping up consistency and responsibility of the assets. The undertaking proposes a 15% gradual spending sum because of foreseen changes in the spending dependent on the accepted factors, for example, expansion and increasing expenses of work. Nonetheless, the alterations and extra usage will be subject basic assessment and endorsem ent from the undertaking director. The anticipated spending variety will be inside the scope of positive or negative 15% of the all out undertaking esteem (+or †15%). Anticipated task Budget Amount ( £) Planning and plan 630,000 materials and work supplies 900,000 Site development prerequisites 1,100,000 Pre and post development Monitoring and reviews 300,000 Closure of the venture 70,000 Total Spending 3,000,000 Total in addition to extra breathing space burning through (15%) 3,450,000 Organizational Breakdown Structure Advertising Searching for coursework on venture the executives? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Venture Risks The undertaking group will look to recognize expected dangers via cautiously checking the basic task parts. This procedure targets guaranteeing that makeshift measures are set up to maintain a strategic distance from the hazard misfortunes or relieve the dangers through possibility measures. The table underneath sums up the potential undertaking dangers during the task term. Potential Risks Actions to moderate the Identified Risks Insufficient Funding The task will use the administrations of the lead venture bookkeepers and budgetary controllers to guarantee successful and productive usage and responsibility for reserves. Severe spending guidelines

Beowulf Deeper Understanding Essay

In the epic sonnet Beowulf there is a progressively all inclusive understanding that can be seen once a peruser has set aside the effort to look further into the content of the sonnet. A characters goals are not generally observed immediately. To comprehend the full significance of why somebody may make a special effort to help another isn't generally in the graciousness of their own heart. An increasingly extraordinary and confused plot is behind the considerations of a character named Beowulf. All that he does consistently has a catch to it and requires all the more then an individual bless your heart. In the sonnet Beowulf has three fights against adversaries. The primary adversary that he experienced was the man monster Grendel. Grendel lived in Denmark, which was a huge span from Beowulf’s country. On his excursion to Grendel he happened upon and killed nicors. Nicors are ocean devils and their event in his excursion brought Beowulf more distinctions. The hugeness of Beowulf’s venture and the slaughtering of those brutes was that they brought him wonder. This magnificence was not just appeared through his pride in spite of the fact that it was likewise appeared through the inhabatince of the land towards Beowulf. The individuals of the land likewise gave him valuable endowments. These endowments drew out the egotistical and materialistic sides of Beowulf. He didn’t kill Grendel to support the individuals, since his goals of getting a prize were not acknowledged out of the thoughtfulness of his heart. They were acknowledged as in he realized that he merited them and that they ought to be required to pay him tribute to his enormity. The accompanying enemy the Beowulf killed was Grendel’s mother. His mom wasn’t of any danger to the Danes until Beowulf slaughtered her child. This made a steady and relaxed beast disapprove of the individuals who she has never attempted to vindicate against. Beowulf’s manners by which he executed Grendel would be hostile to any parent either human or brute. At the point when your children arm is seen lying removed his body representing the enormity of his demise and the greatness of a person retribution is the main response to the circumstance. The point wherein Beowulf was attempting to make when executing Grendel’s mother was that he was giving them that he disposed of their biggestâ problem as well as he disposed of the accompanying issue also. He realized that on the off chance that he killed the mother following the child that a progressively extraordinary prize would be given to him. The fight with the mother was progressively extraordinary then the fight with Grendel on the grounds that it occurred submerged and in that place Beowulf found the expired group of Grendel. To warn his popularity among the Danes he cut off Gredel’s head and got back with it to connote his remarkableness by and by. Since the first and second monsters were off the hands of the Danes and Beowulf has get enough close to home delight to address his issues he presently goes back home. The entirety of his endowments of appreciation are carried back with him and a couple of extraordinary things are given to the ruler out of appreciation for Beowulf’s unwaveringness towards him, despite the fact that his goals are not what they appear. His actual expectations are to control the realm and he gets his desire once the ruler kicks the bucket in fight. While Beowulf is above all else the individuals increase a lot of security in him because of his quality in fight. Realizing that Beowulf is less inclined to be crushed in fight makes the individuals need to treat him better in light of the insurance that he forces. The last adversary the Beowulf goes into fight with is the fire-breathing mythical serpent. The mythical serpent has been in sleep for a long time until one of Beowulf’s laborers upsets him by taking his gold from his cavern. When this happens the mythical serpent intermittently comes out of the cavern and torments the Geats. Since the winged serpent is upsetting Beowulf’s individuals he willingly volunteers to kill the monster, in spite of the fact that this will wind up being the last fight that he will be alive to battle in. When he gets back he passes on soon after requesting to see the fortune that he has won from battling the winged serpent. In the fight between the monster and Beowulf him needing to see his fortune before he kicks the bucket recognizes his materialistic ways. He doesn’t solicit to perceive any from his friends and family of the individuals who have been with him along his excursions, he requests to perceive what is in his ownership before he kicks the bucket. Starting the fight he demonstrates his dependability to his kin in spite of the fact that his kin don’t show unwaveringness towards him since when he went to battle the mythical serpent greater part of them fled. In this manner, Beowulf’s respect and quality attributes are notâ passed on to greater part his kin and they are possibly supporting him when they are not associated with risky fights. Beowulf needed to be valued. He realized that his quality was uncommon and he needed to be treated as an uncommon stone would be dealt with. Everything that he did must be applauded and needed to have treasure at long last or it wouldn’t be sufficient for Beowulf. The way that he made his kin manufacture him a grave and put the entirety of his fortunes in it with him shows that his people groups love towards him was not intentional given. He constrained the individuals to comprehend that with out him they were nothing and that they would be not able to get by fighting with out him. I accept that he portrayed himself as increasingly then he was to cause himself to feel progressively out of the group then any other person that got a unique ability. A person’s deepest sentiments are never unmistakably noticeable genuinely. To see how an individual thinks and why they feel the way that they feel is an extremely hard assignment. One may never comprehend the human emotions and what their outcomes may closed as well, albeit ones internal musings or sentiments, (for example, Beowulf’s) may bring upon a more profound degree of disappointment. In the epic sonnet of Beowulf such human activities are communicates once a peruser looks further into the sonnets story to see that there are more understandings that can be made on a bigger, increasingly all inclusive level.

Do You Have Grit With Growth Mindset

Do You Have Grit With Growth Mindset I am 65. I know I am in physical and mental decline. Every day more names and nouns flutter around the tip of my tongue. Yet, I want to learn new things. Is it possible for an old dog to learn new tricks? Writing is my main mental exercise but I believe I need cross training. I keep thinking I should study mathematics. It would be a challenge. It would exercise an area of my brain that’s been dormant for decades. Yet, is it a practical goal? Or is it merely a matter of grit? I recently watched an episode of NOVA, “School of the Future” on PBS (also on YouTube). The 2-hour documentary covered a lot of territory about education, but two theories stood out. The first focused on grit, promoted by Angela Duckworth and her book, Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance, and the second on growth mindset promoted by Carol Dweck and her book Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. Both books essentially explore the same problem: Why do some students do better than others. Both books study successful people in all walks of life to see why they succeeded, hoping to apply success skills to general education. I highly recommend these books to students, parents, and anyone wanting to get ahead. However, does their insights apply to people in the last third of life? Can I become gritty and develop a growth mindset that will allow me to succeed at new learning endeavors in the last decades of life? I don’t know, but I’m going to experiment. New research claims the 65+ crowd can grow new brain cells, and their brains have elasticity. If I can learn math, that will validate those theories in my mind. People with grit don’t give up, don’t stop when encountering setbacks, aren’t discouraged by not having natural talent, and consider failure a teaching tool. People with growth mindset know they are not fixed in their intelligence or abilities. I believe I’ve always maintained a growth mindset, but I’m just a C student when it comes to grit. I need to change that mindset about grit. I can be gritty if I have to â€" I’ve stuck to a plant-based diet after getting a heart stent. But given the chance with most activities, I always take  the fun way out. I need to believe I can change that habit. Duckworth had numerous example of grit  and conducted many scientific studies, but the one that stood out most dealt with students with extracurricular activities. Kids who stuck with an afterschool pursuit for two years running were more likely to succeed in school and life afterward. I never went in for any extracurricular activities. I was a reader. But I was one hell of a gritty bookworm. I tended to wimp out at doing, but I was great at thinking about doing. Can I change that behavior this late in life? Here’s the thing about grit â€" all you have to do is keep going. Even if its just sticking to something one minute more each day. I figure if I do any amount of math daily I’ll be showing more grit. According to Duckworth, if I can stick with it for two years I’ll have the kind of grit that will transfer to other ambitions and pursuits. Come back in two years and see if the experiment succeeded. Our times are perfect for being autodidactic, especially in math. There are countless online courses to pursue, but best of all is Khan Academy. I’ve already started working with it, and it’s amazing. Even though I got through Calculus and Statistics in college, I’ve forgotten it all, and I had to start back in the 4th grade at the Khan Academy. I’m hoping to move into 7th-grade math soon. I’ve tried learning math before  and started with A Mind for Numbers: How to Excel at Math and Science by Barbara Oakley, Ph.d. But I dropped out last year. Not enough grit. I’m going to take her Learning How to Learn course at Coursera over  and apply it to working with math at the Khan Academy, which I actually enjoy. It’s almost like a video game. My new hope is Angela Duckworth is right about building grit. Her book is extremely persuasive, but her studies don’t cover us older folks. I will need to reread a chapter of Grit each week to spur me on. In both Grit and Mindset, people who succeed have goals. I’ve never been good at goal seeking. Also, Duckworth’s research showed working on a team is a major beneficial factor. I’m not sure how to arrange that. Maybe I’ll Tom Sawyer some of my retired friends into a learning club. I may have accidently tested grit already. I have written over 1,200 essays in the last ten years. That should reflect the 10,000 hours/ten-year rule, except I didn’t apply enough disciplined practiced. Studying math will be a much harder mountain to climb. Mentally I know I am right at the barrier of ability. To break through will require a major amount of grit. This is where mindset comes in. Fixed mindset tells me I’m too old. Growth mindset says I’m not. To succeed will require grit and reprogramming my mindset. But back to the book reviewing. If you’re the kind of person who always wanted to succeed at something, but hasn’t, then Grit and Mindset are for you. It’s not a matter of talent or luck, although they help. If you’re a parent, you need to read these books. Period. Ditto for teachers and professors of education. No matter what your ambition, these two books should inspire you to keep at your dream. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Adolf Hitler and The Nazi Olympics - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 520 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Adolf Hitler Essay Did you like this example? Many Americans had their own opinions of Hitler in the beginning stages of the Olympics. Some thought very highly of him, such as Karl von Wiegand, a Hearst correspondent who was the first American journalist to interview Hitler in 1922. Wiegand reports that he was struck by Hitlers skill with words, and his ability to whip people into a frenzy. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Adolf Hitler and The Nazi Olympics" essay for you Create order Other Americans opinions were not so favored in Germany. People would meet him and claim, This guy is a clown. Hes like a caricature of himself. Many civilians believed that even if Hitler was able to rise to a place of power, somehow other politicians would be able to control the actions he made. Although after Hitler gained so much popularity everyone began to reassess their former claims. These opinions did not stop Hitler from gaining power in followers, leading him to become chancellor. After Hitler won the election, and he started making questionable decisions, appropriately people started questioning his actions. There were not much the civilians could do to stop him because the Nazi era was already underway. ? Hitler was elected chancellor in 1933 and had 3 years to establish a strong base of his inhuman plan for the Holocaust before he offered to host the 1936 Olympics to gain popularity. While the Olympic Games provided a platform to boots their adoration it also proved as a struggle to temporarily downplay the various racial policies as well as their repressive actions aimed at the Jewish. The Nazis may have done a decent job at hiding away the undesired but some Americans saw through the charade and tried to warn others. One of these men was Edgar Mowrer, the Chicago Daily News correspondent. He was a very lucky man to have a platform to voice his concern. He wrote in one of his articles, What hes (Hitler) saying about the Jews is serious. Dont underestimate him. The 1936 Olympics were more than just a worldwide sporting event, it was a show of Nazi propaganda, stirring significant conflict. The Nazis promoted an image of a new, strong, and united Germany while masking the regimeâ€⠄¢s targeting of Jews and other minority groups. And for two weeks in August, Hitlers Nazi totalitarianism disguised its racist, aggressive character while hosting the Summer Olympics. He was also able to hide his plans for territorial expansion, the regime exploited the Games. He was able to provide many foreign observers and reporters with an image of an amicable, patient Germany which, in reality, was quite the opposite. Off the Olympics field, the truth about what the Nazis were doing was hard to miss, the newspaper didn’t stop printing about what was really going on in the streets of Germany. It was not necessarily a secret, but Hitler did his best to hide away anyone that did not make the Arian race look superb. By 1936 Germany’s Jews were stripped of their civil rights such as citizenships along with the fact that Germany had already opened their first concentration camp. By this time most knew there was some sort of uprising going on, but a lot of people were very naive.

Transforming Care at the Bedside Essay - 2514 Words

Transforming Care at the Bedside: Adhering to the Ethical Principles of Patient Autonomy, Beneficence, and Nonmaleficence The Nursing Role Abstract This paper explores several published articles following the national program, Transforming care at the Bedside (TCAB), developed by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI); and how it supports the ethical principles of patient autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence in patients, especially amongst the geriatric population. By describing and focusing on three main points of the TCAB, safe and reliable care, patient-centered care, and value-added care and their relative goals and high leverages; this will show how they benefit the†¦show more content†¦In accordance to this theme, the TCAB design team developed goals and changes that would show improved outcomes. One of these â€Å"high-leverage changes† (Rutherford et al, 2009) was preventing patient injuries from falls. Patient falls is one of the high occurrences in patient safety and injury, as well as the leading cause of death of patients 65 and older (Ruth erford et al, 2009). By incorporating the TCAB initiative, the pilot hospitals average of patient falls was reduced by fifty-two percent (Rutherford et al., 2009). One of the ways that patient falls were reduced was by involving the personal care attendants (PCA) in making frequent rounds with patients and asking them if they were comfortable or if they needed anything. By involving the PCA’s in falls prevention, the study showed an average fall rate per one thousand patient days decreased from 6 to 4.5 (Stefancyk, 2009). One of the main themes between the studies is preventing patient injury during their hospital stay. In doing so, the ethical principle of beneficence and nonmaleficence have been addressed. A second intervention was also implemented in reducing injuries to the elderly client was placing a sensory cart on the unit and to be utilizingShow MoreRelatedA Report On Health Patient Safety1606 Words   |  7 Pagesand patient care. Nurses have tried taped repo rt, face-to-face report in a conference room, written report, and most recently nurses are receiving the report at the patient’s bedside. Bedside handoff of care ensures communication between the nurses, the patient, and the patient’s family. Bedside report reduces delay in treatment, reduces errors, and improves patient safety and patient satisfaction (Gregory, Tan, Tilrico, Edwardson, Gamm, 2014). In moving the report to the bedside, the patientRead MoreA Research Study On Nurses s Perceptions Of Shift Reporting Guided The Effort904 Words   |  4 Pagesguided the effort. Due to the organizational change to bedside shift report as part of an initiative to ensure that care practices are more patient centered, the primary outcome of interest would be an increase in nurse compliance and satisfaction with the change. Also of interest was compliance of the nursing staff with the requirement to incorporate the evidence-based practice of bedside shift report into daily operations. Palumbo (20130 â€Å"Bedside shift report is a significant change in practice, andRead MoreAnnotated Bibligrapy1205 Words   |  5 Pagesfor you and your patients. The article encourages nurses to step up and advocate care, improve working conditions, better pay, better benefits, and education. There is a declining number of nursing educators, and the article stresses the importance of faculty to train and educate new recruits. Management is another area the article focuses on and encourages nurses to enter administration to improve patient care, advocacy, and outcomes. Roberts points out that the needs of the aging nurse focusesRead MoreThe Hospital Consumer Assessment Of Healthcare Providers And Systems ( Hcahps )1522 Words   |  7 Pagesof shift report is the time when responsibility and accountability for the care of a patient is transferred from one nurse to another. This transfer involves handoff from one nurse who has cared for the patient to the next nurs e who may not know the patient. Report is informational as patient’s condition, treatment, and care planning are shared. The communication during this process is intended to insure continuity of care giving and patient safety. First, report can have emotional meaning for theRead MoreBedside Report1589 Words   |  7 PagesBedside Report: Improving hand-off Shift Report in Hospital Settings Eastern International College Evelyn Terreros amp; Meron Gebrezgi April 26, 2013 End of shift reports between nurses has been an important process in clinical nursing practice. 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TheseRead MoreIOM Report and Future of Nursing882 Words   |  4 PagesThis detaile d study focus on the significant connection between the health needs of various, varying populations and the actions of the nursing staff. The health care delivery system and nursing profession consider this report as a framework for transformation. The changes in health care system and nursing workforce are directed to health care researchers, payers, national, state and local government leaders, professionals and executives comprised of nurses and others, and individual policy makers. TheseRead MoreIom Report and Future of Nursing933 Words   |  4 PagesThis detailed study focus on the significant connection between the health needs of various, varying populations and the actions of the nursing staff. The health care delivery system and nursing profession consider this report as a framework for transformation. The changes in health care system and nursing workforce are directed to health care researchers, payers, national, state and local government leaders, professionals and ex ecutives comprised of nurses and others, and individual policy makers. TheseRead MoreIom Report806 Words   |  4 Pagesmillion nurses in the United States nurses play an important role in healthcare today. As the future of health care changes the nurses’ role will change as well. In 2008, The Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) combined partnership and put together a committee to assess nursing practices and make recommendations for the future transformations in the health care system. This report was released in 2010 and included four key components in which three will be discussedRead MoreEvolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care Delivery Essay737 Words   |  3 PagesEvolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care Delivery Grand Canyon University: NRS 440V Jane Smith Evolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care Delivery Hello fellow nurses, welcome to our Professional Nurse Evolution summit. My name is Jane Smith and like you I am a registered nurse, I work at the bedside. I always thought I’d live and die as a staff nurse at a busy level 1 trauma center in the inner city but recently I’ve looked up from the bedside and I see opportunities knocking at my door

The concept of Bhakti entails Free Essays

The aim of this paper is to examine main concepts of Bhagavad Gita and either agree or disagree with them. Concepts examined in this paper are Karma, Bhakti, Samsara, Moksha, Dharma, and the three Gunas. The concept of Karma means that a person should follow his or her duty without thinking of the rewards for his or her actions. We will write a custom essay sample on The concept of Bhakti entails or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bhagavad Gita teaches the following: ‘Therefore, without being attached to the fruits of activities, one should act as a matter of duty, for by working without attachment one attains the Supreme’ (Verse 19, Chapter 3). I agree to this concept, since religious purity is only attainable through self-sacrifice in the name of the Divine. Earthy preoccupations, such as attaining benefits for yourself by acting in a certain way, contradict the nature of religion, which calls for obedience and commitment to one’s duty. Every individual should find the right path and stay loyal to it. It will eliminate hesitation prior to action and render more legitimacy to one’s deeds. The concept of Karma isn’t unique to Hinduism, since it is present in every major religion, yet in a different form. Following one’s religion implies that earthy consequences of actions matter less then those anticipated in the afterlife or subsequent incarnation. The concept of Karma is closed to the Western notion of deontological ethics. Deontological ethics puts morality over the consequences of an action. In fact, Kant’s Categorical Imperative is one of the most vivid examples of deontological thinking since it establishes a universal moral standard for all the human being in all situations. The concept of Bhakti entails that there is an ultimate religious expression, during which a person can experience the highest degree of devotion to God and find unity with God. The blurring of the earthy and divine suggests that a piece of God is present in every human, and people should discover God inside them through seeking Bhakti. Bhagavad Gita says the following: ‘Abandon all varieties of religion and just surrender unto Me. I shall deliver you from all sinful reactions. Do not fear’ (Verse 66, Chapter 18). This concept suggests that religious can provide ultimate guidance through life, and people should entrust themselves to God. Samsara is a cycle of rebirth that is perceived as a natural fact of life. It means that soul is immortal, while human body fades away. Bhagavad Gita ssays the following: ‘For certain is death for the born, and certain is birth for the dead; therefore over the inevitable thou shouldst not grieve’ (Verse 27, Chapter 2). This concept suggests that humans should pay more attention to spiritual matters rather then momentary desires. Furthermore, it teaches a philosophical approach to death as something inevitable and followed by rebirth; thus it is helpful in eliminating fear of death, which results in a more liberated earthy life. Moksha means liberation from the cycle of rebirth through achieving a state of ultimate self-realization. There are four components of Moksha: Shanti, Videh, Kaivalya and Swarga. Shanti is the greatest degree of peace and transcendence, which frees a human being from all the sufferings of earthy life. Videh is the knowledge that comes together with Moksha; it is the realization of self and the essence of the universe. Kaivalya is enlightenment every human should strive for. Swarga is a notion that is close to the concept of paradise in other religions. I should agree with this concept, since ultimate understanding of one’s true self is the only path to enlightenment. Self-realization can further lead to self-actualization, and self-actualization is on the top of the needs pyramid. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs suggests there are several levels of human needs: physiological needs (need for air, warmth, food, sleep etc. ), security needs (need for an absence of threat of various nature), social needs (needs for love and a sense of belonging), ego needs (needs for self-respect and respect from others), and self-actualization needs (the needs for purpose, personal growth and realization of one’s potentials). Therefore, the concept of Moksha in the sense of a state of ultimate liberty and self-realization is close to Western psychological theories. Dharma is the concept of cosmic order existing in nature and human society. It can be interpreted as righteousness, which is a way to uphold harmony in the world. It is used to explain the complexity of the word and the connection between God and nature. By agreeing to this concept one acknowledges the importance of harmony as the underlying value, both in nature and in term of spiritual harmony. Following the universal laws of conduct results in the absence of conflict and more fulfilled life on Earth. As for the three Gunas, they are Saatva (centered), Rajas (dynamic) and Tamas (inertia). In fact, these three Gunas perfectly reflect the nature of all processes. Saatva, which can be interpreted as harmony and purity, is a state that is different from both motion and inertia and signifies true piece of mind. Rajas, or energy and passion, reflects the ever-changing nature of the world. Tamas, or darkness and ignorance, refers to a state of inertia and motionlessness, both in physical and spiritual sense. This triad explains the path one should take to achieve Saatva through unleashing one’s creative energy and avoiding spiritual inertia. References Easwaran, Eknath (trans. ) (2007). Bhagavad Gita, 2nd ed. Tomales, CA: Nilgiri Press. How to cite The concept of Bhakti entails, Papers

Vivaldis Four Seasons free essay sample

Spring: This piece is the perfect description of spring. The constant repetition of the lively violins almost seems to show the blossoming new flowers. There is one point where a violin solos; the music that results suggests to me the delicate tapping of spring rains on my roof. I neglected to mention the opening of the song, it begins with a light section of violins. To me they sound like the melting of the snow and the absolute beginning of spring. The point in time where there is less of a chill in the air and you can feel spring approaching rapidly. My favorite part of this part is a rapid, intense, beautiful crescendo of violins. I can see winter trying to come back with a mild snow. But the spring-like melodies come fighting back the onslaught of winters last futile attempt. Each note in this composition seems to be an inspiration to the upcoming note, with each note drawing strength from the previous one. We will write a custom essay sample on Vivaldis Four Seasons or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This makes each note even more powerful and rich than its predecessor. This song is exactly like the spring: it is by far too short Summer: This song starts off slowly and mournfully, as though Vivaldi was trying to convey that he missed the spring. To me, however, it starts off exactly like my summers: very slowly with nothing happening. I am just trying to get over the fact that I am out of school. Then the song begins to pick up as summer gets into full swing, which is like my starting a summer job and getting busier. This part is even shorter than the spring and true-to-form, the song and summer will never last very long. Autumn: This piece begins with a heart-pounding ATTACK of violins to show the fury of the beginning of fall. Everything has changed from a subtle and serene melody to a furious tirade of cold, frosty music. But there is a part of the song I enjoy very much, when the violins fury settles down. I can picture the changing of the leaves and their eventual peaceful flight from the trees. Antonio does not end the song there, but on the soft note of the first frost . This song is long enough, just like the fall season itself. Winter: This song starts off on a very gentle note. It almost sounds like a waltz at first. I can picture the slow, rhythmic flight of snowflakes to the ground. The snow is the first of the winter season and it comes down in a steady cavalcade, but does not build. I can see myself as a youth playing in the first snow, even though it is less than half an inch. This part is the longest of all. Vivaldi must have done this intentionally, because the winter feels like the longest season. I believe that is what he was trying to convey by that. And in a way, I am almost glad when the song ends

Free Essays on Health Fitness Program Plan

The current health situation in the state of Mississippi is disastrous. The state of MS has the highest percentage of obesity in the United States. The State Health Fact says that in 2001, 61% of Mississippians were obese compared to 56% for the rest of the U.S. Female obesity in the state was a whopping 54% as compared to the rest if the U.S. at 47%. Likewise, the obesity rate for males was 69% as compared to 65% in the rest of the U.S. These figures are alarming, and the MS State Health Department says it is only getting worse. In 2002, 36% of adults were obese and in 2003, 30% of MS high school students were reported to be obese. That equals 66% obesity for the entire state. With the state of MS in downward spiral for health, people need a lifestyle change. My goal is to start a Corporate Fitness plan. Under the current market situation, the company’s position is the creation and implementation of wellness programs. The basic market need is the reduction of corporate costs and the increase in employee efficiency that can be achieved through long-term wellness programs. The profile for Corporate Fitness’ (CF) customer consists of the following: the immediate geographic target is the state of Mississippi; the demographic makeup is 54% female, 69% male, and 36% of these individuals are adult; the behavioral factors are that the targets recognize the need for physical activity in their lives and are willing to utilize fringe benefits that are offered by their employer as part of their compensation package. Upon reviewing the possible competition, the two main competitors of Corporate Fitness are local YMCA’s, whose market is primarily lower-income families and/or students who want accessibility and affordability of fitness facilitates, and local fitness centers and gyms, whose market is primarily middle to upper class who generally are fitness seekers that have a daily regimen. Through threat and opportunity analysis... Free Essays on Health Fitness Program Plan Free Essays on Health Fitness Program Plan The current health situation in the state of Mississippi is disastrous. The state of MS has the highest percentage of obesity in the United States. The State Health Fact says that in 2001, 61% of Mississippians were obese compared to 56% for the rest of the U.S. Female obesity in the state was a whopping 54% as compared to the rest if the U.S. at 47%. Likewise, the obesity rate for males was 69% as compared to 65% in the rest of the U.S. These figures are alarming, and the MS State Health Department says it is only getting worse. In 2002, 36% of adults were obese and in 2003, 30% of MS high school students were reported to be obese. That equals 66% obesity for the entire state. With the state of MS in downward spiral for health, people need a lifestyle change. My goal is to start a Corporate Fitness plan. Under the current market situation, the company’s position is the creation and implementation of wellness programs. The basic market need is the reduction of corporate costs and the increase in employee efficiency that can be achieved through long-term wellness programs. The profile for Corporate Fitness’ (CF) customer consists of the following: the immediate geographic target is the state of Mississippi; the demographic makeup is 54% female, 69% male, and 36% of these individuals are adult; the behavioral factors are that the targets recognize the need for physical activity in their lives and are willing to utilize fringe benefits that are offered by their employer as part of their compensation package. Upon reviewing the possible competition, the two main competitors of Corporate Fitness are local YMCA’s, whose market is primarily lower-income families and/or students who want accessibility and affordability of fitness facilitates, and local fitness centers and gyms, whose market is primarily middle to upper class who generally are fitness seekers that have a daily regimen. Through threat and opportunity analysis...

Overview of the Basics of Probability

Overview of the Basics of Probability Probability is a term we are relatively familiar with. However, when you look up the definition of probability, youll find a variety of similar definitions. Probability is all around us. Probability refers to the likelihood or relative frequency for something to happen. The continuum of probability falls anywhere from impossible to certain and anywhere in between. When we speak of chance or the odds; the chances or odds of winning the lottery, were also referring to probability. The chances or odds or probability of winning the lottery is something like 18 million to 1. In other words, the probability of winning the lottery is highly unlikely. Weather forecasters use probability to inform us of the likelihood (probability) of storms, sun, precipitation, temperature and along with all weather patterns and trends. Youll hear that theres a 10% chance of rain. To make this prediction, a lot of data is taken into account and then analyzed. The medical field informs us of the likelihood of developing high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, the odds of beating cancer etc. The Importance of Probablity in Everyday Life Probability has become a topic in math that has grown out of societal needs. The language of probability starts as early as kindergarten and remains a topic through high school and beyond. The collection and analysis of data have become extremely prevalent throughout the math curriculum. Students typically do experiments to analyze possible outcomes and to calculate frequencies and relative frequencies.Why? Because making predictions is extremely important and useful. Its what drives our researchers and statisticians who will make predictions about disease, the environment, cures, optimal health, highway safety, and air safety to name a few. We fly because we are told that there is only a 1 in 10 million chance of dying in an airplane crash. It takes the analysis of a great deal of data to determine the probability/chances of events and to do so as accurately as possible. In school, students will make predictions based on simple experiments. For instance, they roll dice to determine how often theyll roll a 4. (1 in 6) But they will also soon discover that it is very difficult to predict with any kind of accuracy or certainty what t.he outcome of any given roll will be. They will also discover that the results will be better as the number of trials grows. The results for a low number of trials is not as good as the results are for a large number of trials. With probability being the likelihood of an outcome or event, we can say that the theoretical probability of an event is the number of outcomes of the event divided by the number of possible outcomes. Hence the dice, 1 out of 6. Typically, the math curriculum will require students to conduct experiments, determine fairness, collect the data using various methods, interpret and analyze the data, display the data and state the rule for the probability of the outcome. In summary, probability deals with patterns and trends that occur in random events. Probability helps us to determine what the likelihood of something happening will be. Statistics and simulations help us to determine probability with greater accuracy. Simply put, one could say probability is the study of chance. It affects so many aspects of life, everything from earthquakes occurring to sharing a birthday. If youre interested in probability, the field in math youll want to pursue will be data management and statistics.

Melbourne Target research raport Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Melbourne Target raport - Research Paper Example The business assigned to this DMO is to increase the public image or tourism to Melbourne. Melbourne is Victoria’s primary tourist destination and is the gateway to Regional Victoria. It is the cultural capital and the second largest city of Australia. Overlooking the Port Philip Bay, Melbourne attracts a large number of both national and international visitors. It has places of historical and cultural interest, apart from the shopping malls situated alongside the parks and gardens (Totally Australia, 2010). The city is now seen as the nation’s leading destination for style, romance, cafà ©s, bars and nightlife (Destination Melbourne, 2009). Melbourne boasts of world class restaurants and theatres and is considered the top Australian destination for shopping. It has the potential to be the main point of entry for overseas tourists. However, Melbourne has not been able to attract international students because of growing violence issues (ABC News, 2010). This image should not impact the tourism sector. Thus, to develop Melbourne as a prime destination, it is essential to evaluate the demographics, the needs and wants of the customers that are keen to visit Melbourne. Based on this study, the marketing strategy to promote Melbourne as a tourist destination will be devised. The biggest age group among the domestic overnight tourists (21.9%) that traveled to Melbourne in the year ended March 2010 was ‘35 to 44 years’ followed by ‘45 to 54 years’ (20.4%) and ‘55 to 64 years’ (15.4%). Approximately 20.9% Australians prefer to visit Melbourne (Destination Melbourne, 2009). Almost 46% of the visitors prefer to stay the night with friends or relatives while 17.4% of the visitors look for hotels or inn below 4-star category. Those looking for luxury hotel or resort comprise of 16.5 percent. While at Melbourne, people love to eat out (66.7%). Domestic tourism brings in $4.6 billion in Melbourne and the average spend per night is

Prevention of Wound Infection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Prevention of Wound Infection - Essay Example Hands must be decontaminated with alcohol based product after contact with body fluids, excretions, mucous membrane contact, no intact skin contact, or wound dressings as long as hands are not visibly soiled. After contact with a patient's intact skin (as when taking a blood pressure) it also should be used. When it is necessary to move from a contaminated body site to a non-contaminated body site, before caring for patients with neutropenia, before putting on sterile gloves for inserting catheters, when helping with any procedure, and after removing gloves. Hand wash between every patient, when hands are visibly dirty and when cannot tolerate alcohol based products (CDC.gov) Standard precautions should be used with every patient, whether there is infection or not. The tenet accepted here is that all patients are colonized with some organism which you do not want to carry to the other patient (Edmonston, Krepe, WIlson, et.al, 2008). Using standard precautions means the use of gloves, and other barriers when necessary and Hand Washing. It also includes proper handling of patient care equipment and linen, environmental control, prevention of injury with sharps, and how patients are placed when admitted to a facility. When it becomes necessary, standard precautions must move to isolation precautions. Isolations precautions are determined by ... If a wound becomes infected, it is contact (Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle, & Cheever, 2008). In the case of surgical wound or other clean wound, however, there is more that will need to be done, that is called aseptic technique. They include the use of only sterile materials within the sterile field. Sterile surfaces and articles may touch other sterile surfaces only. If they touch any other area, they are no longer sterile. Knowing when to use sterile supplies and knowing when to use clean supplies becomes very important. Changing a surgical dressing correctly and keeping the area clean is important, as well as keeping the overall patient and bedding clean. Policies are must be in place to assure that everyone is following wound care techniques as determined to be the best at all times. Proper hygiene for the nurse and all other healthcare workers is mandatory. Educating the patient as well as far as keeping hands away from dressing and washing hands often or using alcohol based solution and not laying things across a dressing. Disposal of rubbish is important using the proper technique and doing it often, especially if there is any kind of matter that contains any drainage or dried blood. Nutrition is not often thought of but patients do poorly and get infections faster if their nutritional status is not good. It may be important to supplement the patient that is unable to eat because of surgery, for example. The patient who has had abdominal surgery may need PPN or TPN to keep his protein levels high enough to help him heal. Moving the patient quickly not only stimulates circulation and bowel action but also helps the patient to prepare to go home faster and it is well know that being out of the hospital is the best thing for

Grammatical Tense And Aspect English Language Essay

Grammatical Tense And Aspect English Language Essay Tense and aspect are the most important grammatical categories for expressing time and temporal relations in English. For me, I will share my experience Now I am an English teacher at Udonthani Vocational College. I teach many English courses such as English for communication 2 , English Conversation , Business English .In each course I have taught 4 language skills such as listening skill, writing skill, speaking skill and reading skill. Students must learn every language skills because English is very important . If you want to communicate English very well you must practice 4 language skills. According to the topic 28 Tense and aspect They are very necessary in teaching grammar. Students must learn how to use tense and aspect. I will teach every English course but I dont teach them all at the same time. The aim of teaching tense and aspect is to study various linguistic approaches to the description of tense and aspect in English Moreover the course description will be the focus o f the ways of expressing present, past, future time. Now I will explain you some English course that I teach in this semester. Before start teaching I will study the course discription from the Vocational Education Commission curriculum. After that I will construc the course syllabus follow the the curriculum. I do the course outline by myself. Then I will study the content and provide the lesson which related the course description from many textbooks. I choose some content and combine to one book. For example I teach English for Conversation 2 (2000-1202) for the first year student in accounting field. I teach 18 Weeks in each semester. I must plan my teaching 9 units (1 unit per 2 week) I will choose some tense and aspect to teach in each unit . In unit one I taught about family . I will choose Present Tense of verb to be and verb to do. Students must know the structure of Tense . How or when to use it? How to make Wh-question. In unit 2 I taught about keeping a diary. Students m ust know and understand Past Simple Tense. They can tell the story in the past . The most important thing before to teach teacher must prepare their teaching and lesson plan . Teacher must improve teaching method and strategies The teachers must know the meaning of tense and aspect and also had understanding .I will show you the content as follow: What is Tense? The Definition of Tense (noun) : a form of a verb used to indicate the time . Tense is a method that we use in English to refer to time. There are three main principle of tenses . They are past tense , present tense and future tense. I will explain the meaning of each Tense. First, Present Tense verb show something is happening right now or at the present time. Second, Past tense verbs which tell about actions which happened some time ago are past tense verbs . Third, Future tense mean verbs which tell about actions which are going to happen are future tense verbs. Many languages use tenses to talk about time. Other language have no tenses, but of course they can still talk about time, using different methods. I will talk about time in English with tense. For example: Jirapon goes to temple. ( Present Tense) Udom went to school yesterday ( Past Tense) Suki will go to school tomorrow ( Future Tense) What is aspect? Aspect expresses a feature of the action related to time such as completion rod duration. Present simple and past simple tenses have no aspect. Aspect always include Perfect Tenses and Progressive or continuous Tense .For example: Perfective aspect ( be+ ing) My parents have lived in Udon Thani since last October. I have studied English since last year. Progressive aspect ( have+ past participle) They are reading newspaper in the room. David is washing his car at home. Further more there are 12 Verb Tenses in English . This is a chart of active verb tenses Tense Past Tense Present Tense Future Tense Simple I went to 7-11. She cooked dinner yesterday. We learnt French. I go to 7-11. She cooks dinner every day. We learn French I will go to 7-11. She will cook tomorrow. We will learn French Progressive be + main verb +ing I was going to Switzerland. She was cooking . We were learning French I am going to 7-11 now. She is washing dishes at the moment. We are learning French now. I will be cooking when you come. We will be going to Bangkok when the sun set. Perfect have + main verb I had cooked breakfast when the phone rang. She has cook many meals. We will have cooked breakfast by the time our mother come. Perfect progressive have + be + main verb + ing He had been cooking for 1 hour before he took lessons. He has been cooking for over and hour. He will have been cooking all day by the time she gets home. Time clues: these are words that give some information about when an action occurs. Some examples are: yesterday       every day tomorrow while now simple past simple present simple future past progressive present progressive There are many words that are time clues; some can be used to indicate a number of tenses, for instance that something happened in the past or that it will happen in the future. If you learn to recognize these time clues, you will find them very helpful. Note that some time clues can be used with more than one verb tense and also that this table is not a complete listing of all the time clues that can be used with all of the tenses Chart-Time Clues and Verb Tense Past Present Future Simple Simple Past Simple Present Simple Future yesterday last year/ month/ etc. before for five weeks/days/etc. one year/ month ago every morning / day / etc. always usually frequently sometimes tomorrow tonight next week/month/etc. soon in the future Progressive Past Progressive Present Progressive Future progressive while when now right now this week/minute/etc. when after as soon as before Perfect Past Perfect Present Perfect Future Perfect before already by the time until then/last week/etc. after until now since ever never many times/ weeks/years/etc. for three hours/ minutes/etc/ by the time you go (somewhere) by the time you do (something) already Perfect Progressive Past Perfect progressive Present Perfect Progressive Future Perfect Progressive before for one week/hour/etc. since for the past year/ month/ etc. for the last 2 months/ weeks/etc. up to now for 6 weeks/hours/etc. since by the time for ten days/weeks/etc. by From www.athabascau.cea Lesson Plan Subject: English For Communication 2 Level: Certificate 1 Instructor : Mrs. Sutida Intawai Text: English For Communication 2 Lesson: 4 Time: 2 period à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Objectives : Students will be able to: 1.to inductively review both struture and names of basic tenses Content: Vocabulary : Food, nationalities, dates and time, restaurants Structures : 1. Present simple tense 2. Present continuous tense 3. Present perfect tense 4. Present perfect continuous tense 5. Past simple tense 6. Past continuous tense 7. Past perfect tense 8. Past perfect continuous tense 9. Future simple tense 10. Future continuous tense 11. Future perfect tense 12. Future perfect continuous tense Functions : 1. Talking about Tense and aspect Teaching procedures /Activities: Warm up / Lead in : The teacher greets students and tell them that they are going to learn about outline goals for todays class. Presentation: 1.Teacher presents the charts of structure of tense and aspect .Let them guess the kind of tense and aspect. Practice: 1.Teacher divide students into groups of 2 to 4 2. Have students take personal information quiz in groups 3. Check answers as a class, ask students to quickly speak about what they have learned about their fellow students Production: 1. Have groups identify tense names used in question 2. Give auxiliary verb exercise to students to be done individually 3. Correct auxiliary exercise in class Wrap up: Teacher and students discuss and summarize about this unit together. Teacher suggests students for further study by searching for more information from other resources for example, internet , library , newspaper and Self Access Learning Center in the college. Teaching aids/materials: Chart Authentic material; newspaper , food menu Textbook Evaluation and measurement: Observing the participation in class Correcting the exercises Personal note: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€ š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Language Points: Affirmative Sentence: Present Simple (I do, work, like etc.) She works in the office. They talk about their project. Subject Verb I / We / You /They work talk use play watch do He / She / It works talks uses plays watches does Example: I live in Nakonnayok but my sister lives in Prachinburi. ( We use the present simple for things that are true in general, or for things that happen sometimes or all the times) I walk to school. The museum open at 09.00 a.m. and closes at 05.30 p.m. Suda goes to work in the morning. He does everything that she asks. (We use the present simple with always/ never/ often / usually / sometimes) We always travel by train. I often try to fix my computer. He washes his car every weekend. She usually carries her note book computer to work. Negative Sentences: Pattern: I dont + verb (present simple negative) Example: Santa doesnt come. The racing car doesnt slow. Subject Auxiliary Verb + not Verb I / You / We / They don t work He / She / It doesnt work I drink coffee but I dont drink tea. The children dont play in the park. Mary doesnt go to the library. She drinks tea but she doesnt drink coffee. Question Sentence: Pattern: Do you.. (Present simple question).? Example: Do they work? Does she work? Auxiliary Verb Subject Verb +? Do I /we / you / they work? Does He / she/ it work? Do you smoke? No, I dont. Do they speak English? Yes, they do. Does she work hard? Yes, she does Does your brother live in Bangkok? No, he does. Worksheet 1 Personal Information Quiz When did you last see a film? How many times have you been abroad? What type of books do you like reading? When were you born? How long have you been learning English? What will the weather be like tomorrow? What were you doing at 7 oclock yesterday evening? What are your parents doing? Where are your classes taught? What are you going to do after this course finishes? What are the names of the tenses used in the above question? 1. Present simple tense 2. Present continuous tense 3. Present perfect tense 4. Present perfect continuous tense 5. Past simple tense 6. Past continuous tense 7. Past perfect tense 8 Past perfect continuous tense 9. Future simple tense 10. Future continuous tense 11. Future perfect tense 12. Future perfect continuous tense From http://esl.about.com Worksheet 2 Complete the table using examples from the text in activity B1 Tense Aspect Example present (no aspect = simple) continuous perfect past (no aspect = simple) continuous perfect Worksheet 3 Match the verb forms (1-6) with their main concepts (a-f) Verb form Concept 1. present simple a. past event with present relevance 2. past simple b. activity or process, in progress in the past 3. present continuous c. past state, event or habit 4.past continuous d. present state, event or habit 5. present perfect e. past event that happened prior to another past event 6. past perfect f. activity or process, in progress in the present Worksheet 4 Writing : Simple present Tense Exercise 1: Complete the text using words from the box. get up go have sleep start finish I (1) early, at quarter to six, and (2) To work at about half past six. I (3) breakfast in a cafà © near my office, and (4) .. work at half past seven. I dont (5).. a big lunch, just a sandwich and a coffee, I usually (6) . work at about six oclock. I (7) . home at seven, then I (8) dinner with husband. He loves cooking! After dinner we usually watch TV, then I (9) .. to bed early. About ten oclock and (10).. for seven or eight house. In conclusion, Tense and aspect are still problem for Thai learners. There are many error when do they speak and confuse because they speak English similar Thai speaking. They have many problems such as word order and use tense mistake. For example: I am not enjoy this film. Lets leave. What do you eating now? etc. So the teacher of English should develop their teaching and try to teach students learning by doing. Students will gain English language skill especially Tense and aspect from teacher as well. **************

This Is My Playes Last Scene

How has Donne used characteristics typical of metaphysical poetry to convey his ideas in â€Å"Holy Sonnet: ‘This is my playes last scene’? † This is my playes last scene is one of Donne’s ‘Holy Sonnets’ embodying spiritual pain and struggling faith in Christianity. Numerous biblical allusions and morbid tone that are typical of metaphysical poetry, convey Donne’s fear of death and religious scepticism. The opening four lines depict the last moments of the speaker’s life through metaphoric comparisons. The comparison â€Å"playes last scene† suggests the speaker is searching for an end that is meaningful and fulfilling.Christian imagery in â€Å"pilgrimage’s last mile† places this envisioned end in religious context, as a pilgrimage to the site of treasured holy relics is representative of Donne’s path to unfaltering devotion, to God. A paradoxical phrase ‘idly, yet quickly run’ expresses t he speaker’s hesitance on the way to achieving this believed end to life. The addition of the comparisons â€Å"span’s last inch† and â€Å"minute’s latest point† enhances the cumulative listing of comparisons and dramatises the speaker’s fear of death.The startling personification â€Å"gluttonous death† portrays Donne’s morbid paranoia of the brief moment when body and soul become â€Å"unjoint†. The speaker’s life is dichotomised; his body shall â€Å"sleep a space†, his soul shall â€Å"see that face†, a Christian image of God’s omnipotence imparting judgement on the speaker. The ninth line witnesses a direct confidence in the speaker’s tone â€Å"as my soul, to heaven her first seat†. More prominently featured â€Å"So, fall my sins†, the immutable tone conveys a false reassurance, whereby the speaker actually pleas helplessly for God’s will and judgement.The i mperative voice in â€Å"Impute me righteous† forcefully channels the persona’s imploration to receive God’s judgement and have so-called righteousness imputed. The precise word â€Å"impute† makes another religious reference to the Christian understanding of attributing unearned qualities in an act of grace. The finality of the sonnet is epitomised by the poetic triplet â€Å"the world, the flesh and devil†, which alludes to the three sinful temptations as it was known in the context of Donne’s time.It enhances the prayer made by the speaker to be purged of sinful thoughts and acts, by godly intervention that would finally allow him to reach a transcendental state. Ultimately, Donne questions the Christian faith, and commands God’s mercy and judgement by Christian imagery and references to Biblical passages. He expresses despair about his salvation, and reveals his fear of death in a sensitive meditation. As such, the poem is an exem plary display of typical metaphysical characteristics.

How Father Involvement Can Increase Positive Social And...

The perception of a tradition father can appear in various forms. Today’s father role has taken a change based on the traditional father seen many years ago. In the past father’s where identified as the breadwinner and disciplinarian in the family. The traditional role has shown a decrease where there is a rise of single parent households being led by the mother. There have been several studies conducted to explore how father involvement can increase positive social and emotional development. Paschal et al., (2011), identified provider role as the one who provide economic status the child. Participants expressed a desire to care for a child financially. Fathers identified their responsibility of caring for a child by purchasing diapers, clothes, and baby food. In most cases Paschal et al., (2011) found most fathers who shared the importance of providing for child financially was older, and had some form of employment compared to young fathers. However, other participant s did express a desire to act in the role of a provider, but reported several reasons they were unable to provide financially to the child or the mother. Paschal et al., (2011) also found that teen fathers who were romantically involved with the mother was more financially supportive that teen father who did not have a romantic relationship. Nurturer Role: When referring to child rearing it is common to hear the word caregiver. Some of this is based on the children are raised by grandparents, other familyShow MoreRelatedHow Father Involvement Can Increase Positive Social And Emotional Development915 Words   |  4 Pagesperception of a tradition father can appear various forms. Today’s fathers is had taken a change based on the traditional father seen many years ago. In the past father’s where identified as the breadwinner and disciplinarian in the family. The traditional has shown a decrease where there is a rise of single parent households being led by the mother. There have been several studies conducted to explore how father involvement can increase positive social and emotional development. Paschal et al., (2011)Read MoreHow Father Involvement Can Increase Positive Social And Emotional Development774 Words   |  4 Pagesperception of a tradition father can appear various forms. Today’s father role has taken a change based on the traditional father seen many years ago. In the past father’s where identified as the breadwinner and disciplinarian in the family. The traditional role has shown a decrease where there is a rise of single parent households being led by the mother. There have been several studies conducted to explore how father involvement can increase positive social and emotional development. Paschal et al., (2011)Read MoreFather s Role As A Child s Development1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe literature review examines the father s role as being very important to a child s development and brings out positive benefits when they’re actively involved. A father who is involved ensures a sufficient amount of cognitive ability, supports the child s educational achievements and awareness of overall health and social behavior. Fathers are more than just the second adult in the home. When involved fathers, biological or not, they bring positive benefits to a child that no other person isRead MoreThe Role Of Father Involvement For Children Development Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pagesin the father involvement literature trough the researches. To know the father involvement for children development. Further we present what different other nation’s father role and what is going changed. This paper is based on The Effects of Father Involvement: An Updated Research Summary of the Evidence(FIRA, Sarah Allen, Kerry Daly, University of Guelph). It is not to compare with father and mother, Knowing the father’s importance. This paper is for Students and someone who be a father. Know howRead MoreCognitive Development During Early Childhood Development1252 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Development Children of involved fathers are also more likely to live in cognitively encouraging homes. Cognitive Development is a field of study in neuroscience and psychology, focusing on a children’s development in terms of information processing, conceptual resources, perceptual skill, language learning, and other aspects of brain development and cognitive psychology compared to an adult’s point of view(Schacter, Daniel L, 2009). Even a child’s cognitive development during early childhoodRead MoreFather Involvement : Social And Emotional Outcomes1761 Words   |  8 PagesFather Involvement: Social and Emotional Outcomes Our society does not view fathers as mandated to be involved in their child s life; it is a choice one makes and the degree father s participate in their child s life. Father involvement in a young child s life, is defined as being accessible, responsive and responsible (Sarkadi, Kristiansson, Oberklaid, Bremberg, (2008). The purpose of this paper is to examine how father involvement affects their child s cognitive, social and emotionalRead MoreEarly Intervention : Positive And Negative Effects On Child Behavior And Development1592 Words   |  7 Pagescentury, many believed that human development was not prominently altered by differential environmental experiences, particularly for children with developmental disabilities. Overtime however, numerous studies have demonstrated that environmental enrichment or deprivation can respectively have positive and negative effects on child behavior and development (Blacher, Horner, Odom Snell, 2007). Hence, early intervention is benefici al in order to optimize the development outcomes of infants and toddlersRead MoreMy Father Was An Active Member Of The Marine Corps Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pages My father was not a big part of my life at that point in time, and our relationship has suffered because of it. For the first four years of my life, my father was an active member of the Marine Corps. His absence in my life impacted our relationship since we never had a chance to connect, and I don t think we ever recovered from that. We’re on good terms now, but we don’t have any special connection like my mom and I do. The two of us were never close, we never see eye to eye, and we can barelyRead MoreThe Effects Of Type 1 Diabetes1497 Words   |  6 Pages The rate for type 1 diabetes in youth has increased by 1.8% each year. In comparison, the prevalence for type 2 diabetes in youth has increased at a rate of 4.8% annually ². No matter whether diabetes is type 1 or type 2 in children, family invol vement is essential for optimal outcomes ³. One factor effecting outcomes related to diabetes is parental stress. The diagnosis of diabetes in a child is stressful for parents⠁ ´. Reportedly, as many as 75% of parents of a child with type 1 diabetes experienceRead MoreThe Environment And Development Of Children1321 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Millions of children suffer from poor development. Environmental factors, such as family, school and peers, play a major role in the healthy development of children. This is a single case study that involves Anna, a 9 year old female with a history of social and cognitive issues. Anna attends a quality educational institution, but fails in her academic performance, in comparison to her peers. Anna is also overtly shy, which inhibits her from establishing friendships with her peers.

The oman telecommunication company - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 28 Words: 8491 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Brief History The Oman telecommunication company is the most reliable and unique telecom and multimedia service provider in Pakistan which is also known as Omantel. The world call telecommunication limited is also the Omantelscompany. The companys word:- WorldCall launched its business in June 1996 with payphone operations. A fundamental shift in technology and industry, innovation and dedication led us to growth in diversified businesses with a range of services designed to serve the needs of the local market. From Cable Broadband to Wireless Broadband, from Cable TV to Video on Demand, from LDI services and fiber optic network to wireless local loop telephony, WC has crossed a number of milestones. WC offers an array of services under three major service categories i.e. Data, Entertainment and Voice. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The oman telecommunication company" essay for you Create order WorldCall Telecom Ltd. became an associate company of Omantel after acquisition of major share holding by Omantel in 2008. Today, WorldCall Telecom has become more innovative, dedicated, and reliable company in Pakistan. Status of Omantel:- Oman Telecommunications Company (Omantel) is the largest communication service provider in Oman. Any telephone call you make, local or international, the SMS Messages, or internet services, Omantel is the major and larger provider. Situational Analysis In 1996 First Capital Securities Corporation commenced to incubate payphone operation named WorldCall Payphones Limited. The new venture stood first in a communication revolution that was yet to hang on the country. WorldCall perception of a changing business environment placed them at the lead of a demand-led explosion of payphones all over the country. WorldCall introduced their first payphone in June 1996. They were one of the largest fixed line payphone operators. With the expansion in telecom they have continued to innovate. Over the years they have invested heavily in new technologies and businesses. In 1998 prepaid calling cards were launched by WorldCall Phonecards under the brand name Hello. In the following years WC provided its dial-up internet services through WorldCall.com. In 2000 WorldCall in Multimedia segment established a Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) network in Lahore thus becoming the first Multi-service operator in the country, providing cable television and Internet-over-cable. WC cable TV in Lahore, is the last but largest entrant till now. In 2003 WC launched a state of the art HFC network operation in Karachi under WorldCall Broadband Limited. These are the largest and only national networks capable of three features at the same time (cable TV, high speed internet/data and telephony). WorldCall Telecom Limited got Wireless Local Loop (WLL) license in the post deregulation auction to provide WLL telephony in all 14 telecom regions of Pakistan primarily in the 1900 MHz band. It has partnered with Samsung for a CDMA 2000. WC started service from Lahore in June 2005 which is now available in over 40 cities. WC also acquired an LDI license and service commenced at the end of 2004. WTL enjoys significant edge over competition due to unused fiber optic capabilities available in the telecommunication sector. In April 2008, Omantel had acquired 65 percent shares of WorldCall Telecom Limited for $200 million. The CEO WorldCall Mr Salmaan Taseer led the WorldCall delegation Salman Taseer said that WorldCall is the first company to launch payphone cards, High HFC System and local loop in the country. WorldCall is positioned in a unique way being the only real Multi Service Operator (MSO) in Pakistan telecom landscape with proven track record and established market position in various segments of its operations. WorldCall also enjoys leadership position with consistent growth in its market share for broadband connectivity and cable television. Focus of rollout will principally target broadband segment with sustained growth of voice services. This planned expansion coupled with initial investment would see a decent inflow of capital into Pakistan. Omantel is a publicly traded telecom company based in Oman with diversified operations. However, acquisition of majority stake in WorldCall is its first overseas venture. Structure of WorldCall Location of offices Location of Head Office WorldCall Telecom Limited 67-C III, Gulberg III, Lahore, Pakistan Tel: (92 42) 5872633-38 Fax: (92 42) 5755231 Wireless Local Loop Main Office Ibrahim Trade Center (Near Barkat Market) 1- Aibak Block, New Garden Town, Lahore (92 42) 8464646 www.callwireless.com.pk WLL Helpline (92) 0800-19111 WC Net Helpline 109, UAN (111-111-965) Number of Total Employees:- As of December 2010, around 1800 total employees work for WorldCall. (More than 3000 before downsizing after acquisition of WorldCall by Omantel, however these decisions were taken by the Omani top management) Legal Status and Nature of Business The Group consists of: WorldCall Telecom Limited WorldCall Telecom Limited (the Company) is a public limited company incorporated in Pakistan on 15 March 2001 under the Companies Ordinance, 1984 and its shares are quoted on the Karachi and Lahore Stock Exchanges. WorldCall Telecom Ltd. groups principal activity is to provide telecommunication services. It operates through two business segments: Telecom segment provides operation and maintenance services for payphone network. Broadband segment provides internet over cable and cable TV services. The Group operates mainly in its domestic market. The Company commenced its operations on 01 December 2004 and is engaged in providing Wireless Local Loop (WLL) and Long Distance International (LDI) services in Pakistan, operation and maintenance of public payphones network and re-broadcasting international/national satellite/terrestrial wireless and cable television and radio signals as well as interactive communication and to establish, maintain and operate the licensed telephony services. The Company has been licensed by Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) and Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) for these purposes. Worldcall Telecommunications Lanka (Private) Limited (the Subsidiary) was incorporated in Sri Lanka and is a joint venture with Hayleys Group to operate payphones. The principal activity of the Subsidiary is the operation and maintenance of public payphones networks. Payphones are installed at various shops/commercial outlets. The Company holds 70.65% of voting securities in the Subsidiary. Type of Ownership A Subsidiary of Omantel Before the acquisition and restructuring of WorldCall, the WorldCall group was consisted of following companies: Worldcall Communications Limited Worldcall Phone cards Limited Worldcall Multimedia Limited Worldcall Broadband Limited Omantel decided to consolidate WorldCall into a single company and as a subsidiary of Omantel. Foreign Subsidiary Worldcall Telecommunications Lanka (Pvt.) Limited is a foreign subsidiary of Worldcall Telecom Ltd. Key Players Historically Salman Taseer remained the key player in WorldCall as a Leader, CEO and Chairman.After the completion of acquisitions Omantel plays important role at corporate level but WorldCall lacks any leadership personality like Salman Taseer. CEO of the Company The current players are Babar Ali Sayed (CEO) former LDI Director Operations. First time in the history of WorldCall the CEO is from Technical Department, unlike previous CEOs with background in Finance and Chartered Accountants. A current picture of MR. Babar Ali Syed is below: Board of Directors Mr. Mehdi Mohammed Al Abduwani Mr. Talal Said Marhoon Al-Mamari Mr. Bernhard Heinichen Mr. Samy Ahmed Abdulqadir Al Ghassany Mr. Zafar Iqbal Mr. Aimen bin Ahmed Al Hosni Mr. Saud bin Ahmed Al-Nahari Mr. Shehryar Ali Taseer Mr. Asadullah Khawaja (nominee Arif Habib Securities Limited) Vision and Mission Statements VISION:- We at WorldCall are committed to achieving dynamic growth and service excellence by being at the cutting edge of technological innovation. We strive to consistently meet and surpass customers, employees and stake-holders expectations by offering state-of-the-art telecom solutions with national international footprints. We feel pride in making efforts to position WorldCall and Pakistan in the forefront of international arena. MISSION:- In the telecom market of Pakistan, WorldCall to have an overwhelming impact on the basis of following benchmarks: Create new standards of product offering in basic and value added telephony by being more cost effective, easily accessible and dependable. Thus ensuring real value for money to all segments of market. Be a leader within indigenous operators in terms of market share, gross revenues and ARPU within five years and maintain the same positioning thereafter. Achieve utmost customer satisfaction by setting up high standards of technical quality and service delivery. Ensuring the most profitable and sustainable patterns of ROI (Return on Investment) for the stake-holders. ANALYSIS of MISSION STATEMENT WHO ARE WE? Be a leader within indigenous operators in terms of market share, gross revenues and ARPU within five years and maintain the same positioning thereafter. WHAT WE DO? Create new standards of product offering in basic and value added telephony by being more cost effective, easily accessible and dependable. Thus ensuring real value for money to all segments of market. WHERE ARE WE NOW? Achieve utmost customer satisfaction by setting up high standards of technical quality and service delivery. Now in term Components:- Customers Product services Markets Technology Concern for survival growth and profitability Philosophy Self concept Concern for public image Concern for employees Suggested Correct Vision Statement:- To be a leader in a telecom industry by being at cutting edge of technological innovation. Goals Objectives of WorldCall 2010:- GOALS:- To redevelop an infrastructure which help company to implement multi destination LDI operations To expand the wireless broadband network To secure advertisement revenue share through cable TV network OBJECTIVES:- To secure international terminations from the major countries of Europe and USA; and establishments POPs (Point-Of-Presence, Switch, Router, Billing system) using co-location. To establish head-ends (main transmission source) in 14 major cities of Pakistan. WorldCall plans to expand its EVDO service in all the 50 major cities of Pakistan. External and Internal assessment PESTE(L) ANALYSIS The Telecom sector all around the world and especially in Pakistan has experienced a tremendous growth in the last few years. The telecommunication sector of Pakistan was awarded the status of industry in 2005 and since then it has been one of the fastest growing sectors of Pakistan quite eminent from various factors such as the mobile density reaching 61.7% in December 2010 and the number of mobile subscribers reaching 102 million. (Source: Pakistan Telecommunication Authority, Annual report 2010). Political factors The political environment of Pakistan is getting unstable uncertain day by day so only the government decision and initiative measures are very important. Decline in foreign investment is also the reason of political instability. PTA is highly autonomous govt. organization and has shown the moderate continuity in the policies regardless of changes in the political environment. PTA is striving hard and trying its best to provide equal competition opportunities in Telecom industry. Govt. can announce unexpected tax changes in Telecom industry. PTA convinced the government that raising taxes will not result in more money coming in the reverse is actually true as the Pakistan government got less revenue. Economical factors The ever increasing economical issues like inflation and the growing debt of Pakistan. The disposable income of people getting low due to the price inflation of consumer goods services. PTA report 2010 tells that telecom sector of economy is in a good shape and growing. Inflation is controlling by state bank and under strict eyes but unemployment rate is going up and up with the increase of level of poverty. High interest rate ~13% Decline in Telecom share in total GST due to low tariffs. Social factors Telecommunication is used in the professional and private sphere now days. Better telecommunication services and telecommunication is now becoming essential part of people lifestyle. Now people have become habitual of consuming new technology products. Internet has become a real working tool; people use Internet at home, at work. People are interested in more than just Plain Old Cable/TV technologies like Digital Cable TV, Video-On-Demand, and Personal Video Recorders not just plain old TV due to frequent use of internet. Young generation is getting more interest in wireless telecommunication and spends more time in online social activities like chatting, social networking. Telecommunication becoming an integrated part of our social life style. People now like to use Facebook on their pc and on mobile, allowing them to connect with their family and friends anytime anywhere. Internet becomes an integral part of people social-lives. Online gaming is growing rapidly and the ever increasing gaming competition all over the world and in pakistan as well. Technological factors Telecom sector have technology with which they can compete in Pakistan and now companies are investing in their infrastructure to not only expand but also to upgrade their existing structure. Currently mostly companies are providing Multi-media Messaging Services (MMS), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Virtual Private Network (VPN), Pocket Stocks, Conference Calling, Wallpapers Animated pictures Polyphonic ring tones (WAP), and Voice Mail at low price and some are also providing feature that one can see TV channels on their cell. Individuals and companies are recognizing the benefits of mobility of wireless broadband. The expertise of IT and Telecom industry has greatly reduce cost and time on the usage of products and services. For example, new VoIP technologies are changing the cost structure of the LDI business. Upcoming future wireless broadband technologies are changing the trends of internet usage. Pakistans telecom industry is one the fastest growing industries even compared to other countries. Innovations and development in telecom technologies has played a major role in the overall growth. Innovations and Developments in IT and Telecom can create and motivate new demands. Like Video Conferencing induced more demand for companies interested in online business meetings. Now a day, firms are in search of reliable information systems. And for this telecom technologies playing vital role. Environmental factors The telecommunication towers spoil the view especially of tourism places but no attention is paid towards this. Ecological Factors Natural Obstructions in Wireless Transmission Infrastructure usage facing difficulty due to the conditions of land. Legal factors Corruption and bribery in legal authorities suffers a telecom companies a lot to face difficulties PTA is the telecom industry regulator and their some objectives are: Telecom sector changed from monopoly to competition Protection of the rights of the companies competing with incumbents and to provide safeguards the interest of the users of the telecommunication services. The unbiased laws of telecom sector to establish healthy competition in market. Porters five forces model Threat of New Entrants Telecom is a very capital concentrated industry, entry into this industry means that the firms need access to huge amount of capital mainly to cover the fixed costs to lay and maintain a physical network (infrastructure, fiber optic cables etc) to the premises of customers. As it is mandatory for the firms to get approval/licenses from PTA, which is both costly, and a tiresome job. Although companies in this industry mostly tended to monopolies regulated by the government up to price controls and moderate to heavy taxation. The telecom industry is already dominated by major players and smaller manufacturers have to struggle, due to high setup costs and market dominations threat of new entrants is low because of: High Government restrictions or legislation Telecom licenses, rights, regional licenses Expected Mergers and Acquisitions High fixed costs High Capital requirements Aggressive competition Bargaining Power of Suppliers There is intense competition between suppliers because of multi-million dollar contracts between Pakistani firms and mostly foreign suppliers. List of suppliers who intensely compete with each other to reach contracts with their business customers. Sometimes suppliers show flexible behavior to maintain the long term relationship with their profit oriented customers. In an telecom industry the manufacturers of telephone switching /switch board equipment, fiber optic cables, network equipment, and billing software makers are low. The prominent names in this industry include Cisco, Alcatel-lucent, Ericsson, Hawawie, ZTE, Samsung, Nortel and Motorola. With the outcome of economic crises and excess capacity and falling demand, the suppliers do not have much power and have to negotiate gently with the telecom companies because of: High availability of substitute inputs Competitive suppliers of telecom equipment Low degree of differentiation of inputs, due to high component standardization. Bargaining Power of Consumer Consumer have high power because customer influence in pricing and shifts towards other sellers if he/she is not satisfied with the quality or price of the product or services. Consumers have very high buying power in telecom sector because though they have many options to choose from especially in Voice segment. Firms are now more concentrating on providing after sales services. Most of the products in the telecom sector industry have not much difference while some may have considerable differences. The increasing trend of communication like email, instant messaging, is declining the importance of voice services. Switching to another product is simple Customers are price sensitive Consumers have high product knowledge Switching costs are low Availability of existing substitute products Plenty of choice of several technologies and other communication means available, enhanced the buyers power. Threat of Substitute Products There are many substitutes available in market. In case of unsatisfactionwith any of the feature customers can easily switch to the other because he/she has the almost exact or the same kind of substitutes. Many of the substitute products and services have emerged in voice, data and entertainment in telecom due to the technological breakthroughs. Switching power is high in telecom sector characterize by high technological developments and fast availability of alternative substitutes. Some of these are more convenient and offer far greater value to the consumer and have diminished the importance of traditional fixed line phones. Substitutes include Broadband, Wireless broadband, DigitalTv, IP Telephony, Mobile phones, Satellite, Email, and Instant Messaging etc. Rivalry among Competitors Due to growth opportunities and government focus on the telecom sector, there is a strong likelihood that competition will gradually increase as new firms enter the industry. there are many existing competitors of world call. The intensity among current rivals is intense and they are mostly competing on technological bases to create competitive advantages. Industry rivalry has become extremely intense with the emergence of new competing firms leading to price cuts across the industry. Companies can only grow by stealing market share away from competitors. Telecom industry with a very high growth. Advertising intensity and spending are very high. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Technical infrastructure HFC-cable Product range Working in major cities Reputation Balanced sales Reliable wireless broadband Weaknesses High dependence on Voice segment Weak marketing Lacking a proper long-term strategy Weak brand positioning Less focus on short-term profitability Infrastructure varies from location to locations ERP implementation taking too long Opportunities Demand increased for backhaul network Cross-sell in major cities Increased demand for LDI and Broadband Privatization of government telecom projects PTA delayed 3G licenses Threats Economy instability CaTV operators alliance Threat by WiMax or other 4G technologies Government policies Increased consumer churn rate Heavy Price competition SWOT Matrix SWOT MATRIX Strengths S 1. Technical infrastructure 2. HFC-cable 3. Product range 4. Working in major cities 5. Reputation 6. Balanced sales 7. Reliable wireless broadband Weaknesses W 1. High dependence on Voice segment 2. Weak marketing 3. Lacking a proper long-term strategy 4. Weak brand positioning 5. Less focus on short-term profitability 6. Infrastructure varies from location to locations 7. ERP implementation taking too long Opportunities O 1. Demand increased for backhaul network 2. Cross-sell in major cities 3. Increased demand for LDI and Broadband 4. Privatization of government telecom projects 5. PTA delayed 3G licenses SO Strategies Market development of HFC-Cable (S3, O2) Market development of Wireless Broadband (S7, O3) Offer more B2B Data services (S1, O1) WO Strategies Market Penetration and Product Development of Data services (O5, W1) Brand development for broadband segment (O3, W4) Develop uniformity across infrastructure (O1, W6) Threats T 1. Economy instability 2. CaTV operators alliance 3. Threat by WiMax or other 4G technologies 4. Government policies 5. Increased consumer churn rate 6. Heavy Price competition ST Strategies Market development of HFC-Cable (S3, T2) Diversification of Products (S3, T1) Differentiation strategy for wireless broadband (S7, T6) WT Strategies Highly Differentiated Products (T6, W2) Quickly integrate ERP to analyze churn-rate (T6, W7) Hold Maintain (T1, W5) BCG Matrix Core Competencies Analysis The core competences that we have analyzed are Strong Dark Fiber Largest (hybrid fiber coaxial) HFC/Cable Operator (CATV, IOC, VoIP/MSAN Telephony) in Pakistan. Premium WLL and LDI operator in Pakistan. Specific Specialties Worldcall has taken the lead in introducing innovative telecommunication services in Pakistan: Supervised Payphones business model in Pakistan which is now being followed by many other operators largest fixed line payphone infrastructure. The first company to introduce prepaid calling card services in the country. Worldcall developed the first ever broadband HFC convergence Infrastructures in Pakistan the only operator in Pakistan and one of the few in the region to provide a triple play (CATV, broadband internet, telephony) Worldcall was the first operator in Pakistan to commission a state of the art next generation network (NGN) covering long distance international (LDI) inbound and outbound, local loop (LL) / wireless local loop (WLL) telephony services. This is a fully converged architecture enabling wireless solutions and hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) telephony. Strategies Undertaken at: Corporate level:- As the other firms have strategies, WorldCall also has strategies at different levels. In corporate level strategies they basically discuss the current business status as well as the future of the current business. Then they decided in meetings, that in which sector they have to add something and in which sector they want to remove something. They are mainly concerned with: What kind of businesses they want themselves in? How they should manage all sectors or businesses? Types of diversifications they are following Related Business Diversification WorldCall mainly focus in Related Business Diversification. As many good and effective service of WorldCall the broadband service of WorldCall has good growth and opportunity. In this same line of business they diversify their business and there diversification is very much effective for them. They are introducing new and new things in this same line of business that have so many opportunities now a day in Pakistan. WorldCall has made its place in the current market by offering several and unique services. People want now a days some modernized services and WorldCall is properly working to promote these kinds of services. Some of the services are as follows (Video on Demand, cable TV, internet over cable). Currently the Company has several ongoing projects like HFC cable, Point-To-Point corporate broadband services, VSAT (satellite broadband) and DigitalTV which are in the different phases of roll out, all aimed at provisioning of sophisticated data and video services. Reasons for re lated diversification:- To reduce the risk!!! High Compatibility with technical infrastructure!!!!! Support some losses in other segments!! Defensive Strategy WorldCall in September 2009 completed the divesture of its foreign subsidiary WorldCall Lanka. They thought that this should be no more in their business. Forward Integration Although in a very poor state WorldCall is using Franchising as their forward integration strategy, however they do not have much control on their franchises. Product / Service Portfolio Management WorldCall has successfully introduced True Video-On-Demand technology. They have also started WorldCall Wireless Broadband with EVDO technology in the product portfolio. Another very effective service was pay phones and in 2009 officially phased out. Product Development Strategy The product development strategies are one of the most important strategies that should be in business if you want to survive in the market or in the business world. Worldcall is also using product development strategies as it involves development of telecom services and products. They have first mover advantage in CDMA2000 based EVDO wireless broadband. CDMA2000 represents a family of ITU-approved, IMT-2000 (3G) standards and includes CDMA2000 1X and CDMA2000 1xEV technologies. They deliver increased network capacity to meet growing demand for wireless services and high-speed data services. CDMA(code division multiple access) is the fastest growing wireless technology and it will continue to grow at a faster pace than any other technology. It is the platform on which 2G and 3G advanced services are built. Market Development Strategy In market development strategy you have to develop your market, worldcall has developed its market after making analysis. For example WorldCall EVDO Wireless Broadband was initially launched in Karachi followed by Lahore to other major cities including Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Multan and to inclusively to 50 major cities of Pakistan. Same is the expansion of Cable TV service to major cities of Pakistan. Business level strategies WorldCall offers many services under than head of 3 Major Business Segments WorldCall Data WorldCall Voice WorldCall Entertainment WorldCall Data (EVDO Wireless Broadband) WorldCall is following differentiation strategy for WorldCall EVDO wireless because the size of market is large and the product is differentiated for its performance and mobility. WorldCall Voice (LDI Services) WorldCall is following cost-leadership strategy in LDI because of intense and dynamic price competition in LDI market WorldCall Entertainment (Video On Demand) WorldCalls relatively new service is using Focus-Value Strategy because the target market is very small and product offers high degree of control with respect to traditional cable TV. MARKET ANALYSIS Telecom Sectors according to PTA : The Pakistan Telecommunications Authority (PTA) has forced the incumbent fixed-line and broadband operatorPakistan Telecommunication Company Ltd (PTCL) to enter a formal interconnection agreement with rival operators in the xDSL broadband market. The broadband operators, many of which are small and privately owned, have petitioned for reasonable access to PTCLs fixed-line network to help them reduce costs and offer more competitive tariffs. BMI(Business Monitor International) has consistently identified cost as being the single largest barrier to growth in the Pakistani broadband market. In India, where the government is actively pushing for growth, broadband services are available for US$8 per month. In Pakistan however, such services average US$16 per month. With the countrys mobile operators electing to deploy wireless broadband mainly in urban areas, customers in many smaller population centres have little or no high-speed access to the internet. Broadband Growth Now Possible For Pakistan Forecast Broadband Subscriber Growth, 2007-2014 Source: BMI The Pakistani government has tried to encourage service providers to take advantage of rural service provision subsidies via the Universal Services Fund (USF), but rollout has been slow, affected by service providers inability to quickly source and deploy infrastructure. Further problems include the relatively high cost of PCs and laptops and a widespread lack of IT literacy. Segments And Target Market WORLDCALLs TARGET Market PRODUCTS/SERVICES WLL Wireless Local Loop:-WorldCall owns premium spectrum for Wireless Local Loop (WLL) in all 14 telecom regions in the country Telephony and Data services are being offered using wireless CDMA technology Samsungis technology partner / vendor for latest CDMA 2000 1x solution for Phases I II Key technology partner for terminal equipment isLGService launched from Lahore June 2005 EV-DO (Evolution Data Optimized data rate upto 2.4 Mbps) launched in selected areas July 2006 HUAWEITechnologies is the vendor for Phase III rollout, which includes Karachi (the largest metropolitan) Hyderabad Current operations in over 40 cities of Pakistan: Lahore, Gujrat, Kharian, Sheikhupura, Sargodha, Sialkot, Gujranwala, Multan, Bahawalpur, Peshawar, Kasur, Faisalabad, Hyderabad, Joharabad, Sukkur, Wazirabad, Lalamusa, Jhelum, Dinga, Mandi Bahauddin, Rahim Yar Khan, Sahiwal, Bahawalnagar, Vehari, Okara, Khanewal, Raiwind, Muridke, Khushab, Narowal, Pakpattan, Kamoke, Muzaffargarh, Jalalpur, Jhang, Mardan, Burewala, Daska, Mianwali, Leiah, Hafizabad. High speed data service EV-DO Wireless Broadband:-Launched in June 2006. 1x Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO or EVDO), is the wireless radio broadband data standard taken up by various CDMA service providers internationally. WorldCalls service provides data rates upto 2.4 Mbps. Pay Phone:-The largest fixed line payphone operator in Pakistan Introduced the highly successful Supervised Payphone concept in Pakistan Technology: Smart card based wireless payphones CDMA 2000 1x based wireless payphones Operating in both Supervised and Standalone segments WLL payphones have only recently been introduced and are cheaper and faster to deploy Extensive distribution network Highly trained sales and maintenance teams Positioning to be market leader in the overall fixed and wireless payphones market HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coaxial) Broadband:-WorldCall has deployed Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) network in Karachi and Lahore. WorldCall provides customers with the ability to lease dark fiber for high-speed, dedicated fiber optic networks or offers availability of cable ducts for businesses to have their own network. Fiber optic networks are pathways installed in conduits underground or on utility poles. Users of Dark Fiber choose the electronic equipment they wish to use and control their own light signal. This gives Dark Fiber several distinct advantages over traditional telecommunications. Key Features: 100% buried fiber and exclusive owned Right of Ways for Fiber Ducts The most advanced quality Poly / Ethylene pipes/duct Corning SMF-28e (enhanced) version fiber conforming to industry standards including ITU-T G.652 (Categories A, B, C D), IEC 60793-2-50 (type B 1.1 1.3) and TIA/EIA-492 CAAB fiber Flexible networks operating throughout the Single Mode fiber operating window (1300 nm 1650 nm) 247 Vigilance and Emergency Response teams for all fiber routes The only Triple Play network provider conforming to ISO Standards WorldCall Cable Broadband:- Portability Mobility Plug Play No power required Unlimited downloads Unlimited express upload download Always on Does not need telephone line Economical packages WorldCall Digital TV:- Superior picture quality Crisp and clear stereo sound 60+ channels On-screen channel guide WorldCall Cable TV:- Drama, thriller, action, romance, news documentaries 80+ analogue channels Satellite in-house channels Latest movies WorldCall Video on Demand:- WorldCall is the first to launch True VOD, providing a collection of movies and music over the CATV network in digital quality to end-users to choose from their homes. VOD service is ahead of pay-per-view service by giving rewind/fast-forward/pause capability to the viewer. A cinematic addition to your on-screen entertainment Absolute control with play-back options 600+ hours of uninterrupted fun and excitement LDI Long Distance International:- WorldCall has acquired licenses from Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) for Long Distance International (LDI) and Wireless Local Loop services (WLL). Long Distance International (LDI) WorldCall was the first company to start LDI services November 2004 WorldCall provides cost / price effective, quality voice and data solutions for nationwide international markets catering for both the wholesale and retail segments, tailored to their individual requirements Under the LDI license, the services that can be offered include: International Calls Origination and Termination Nationwide (NWD) Calls Origination and Termination Data Value-added services like Corporate Solutions, IP telephony, VPNs etc. WorldCall has deployed state-of-the-art network based on IP technology and NGN (Next Generation Network) architecture with equipment from reputed names like Cisco sytems, Siemens and Nuera. Future proof investment: nationwide long haul infrastructure and access PRICING WorldCall is using Cost-Based approach for pricing in its all business units for all products and services. This approach is most commonly used in a competitive telecom industry. Worldcall Pricing strategy depends upon these factors like: Degree of differentiation in product/service offered Intensity of the competition At the stage in which a product is in Product Life Cycle Premium pricing:- Worldcall charges premiere pricing because they are using differentiation strategy in all of its business units, but not very high prices. They use this strategy mainly for new products/services on the basis of quality differentiation. When a product is new in the market or competition is low. Eg:- WorldCall Video-On-Demand Competitive pricings:- In competitive telecom industry customer switching rates are high worldcall is using competitive pricing strategy in its new worldcall broadband wireless evdo and worldcall wireless to keep up with the competition. DETAILS OF PACKAGE PRICING Wireless Broadband:- Activation Charges: Rs 1,299 Package Price 256 kbps Rs 1200 512 kbps Rs 1800 1 Mbps Rs 2500 Cable Broadband:- Download speed Old Price New price 512Kbps Rs. 1,100 Rs. 700 1Mbps Rs. 1,400 Rs. 1,000 2Mbps Rs. 5,100 Rs. 1,500 4Mbps N/A Rs. 2,000 6Mbps N/A Rs. 4,000 8Mbps N/A Rs. 6,000 10Mbps N/A Rs. 8,000 Digital TV:- Digital TV Packages Digital TV Packages (For Existing Cable TV Customer) One Time Connection Charges Rs.3,500 (Non-refundable) Monthly Charges (DTV) Free Digital TV Packages (For New Cable TV DTV Customer) One Time Connection Charges Rs. 3,500 (Non-refundable) Monthly Charges (DTV) Free Installation Charges (CATV) Free Monthly Charges (CATV) As per described package Set-up cost is non-refundable. Customer Premises Equipment (Cable Modem/Set Top Box) shall remain company property. Cable TV:- Permises Type Installation Subscription 2nd CATV 3rd CATV 4th CATV SFU 500 400 150 80 80 SFA Free 325 100 100 100 Free 800 Free Free 800 MDU Free 800 Free Free 800 SFU (single functional unit):- the banglow which size is more than 250 square yards is called SFU. SFA (single functional apartment):- the banglow which size is less than 250 square yards anda apartment in three floor building is called SFA. MDU(multi development unit):- the apartment in more than three floor building is called MDU. Note:In Rs. 800/=, 03 CATV connections are allowed. Note:Rs. 25/= will be charged every month as infrastructure charges for DHA customers with 1st CATV Connection. Note:Installation charges Rs. 500/= will be applicable on every 4th CATV connection in SFU Video On Demand:- Video On Demand Packages Primary Connection Monthly Rs. Quarterly Rs. Half Yearly Rs. Yearly Rs. VOD Digital Cable TV 1,500 1,425 1,350 1,275 Monthly Rate VOD Digital Cable TV 1,500 4,275 8,100 15,300 Subscription Package Discount % age in Monthly Subscription 5% 10% 15% Connection Charges: Rs. 6,000 (Non-refundable) Set-up cost is non-refundable. Customer Premises Equipment (Cable Modem/Set Top Box) shall remain company property. PLACE / DISTRIBUTION Extensive nationwide distribution network positioned to launch new products as well as service existing ones 50 Offices 220 Cities 59,000 Points-of-sale Existing relationships with third party distributors to enhance penetration Ability to carry third party products immense future potential Customer Service Centers World Call has customer care centers in major cities. Some of These centers have the attractive exterior. Franchises Franchises are in the Poor conditions and World Call have no control on franchises PROMOTION World call is not using intensive promotion strategy they are cutting cost through the low advertising these. PEOPLE An essential ingredient to any service provision is the use of appropriate staff and people. Recruiting the right staff and training them appropriately in the delivery of their service is essential if the organization wants to obtain a form of competitive advantage. Consumers make judgments and deliver perceptions of the service based on the employees they interact with. Staff should have the appropriate interpersonal skills, aptititude, and service knowledge to provide the service that consumers are paying for. In fact these are the people who make the differences among organizations. In case of World Call, People includes Sales Representatives Staff of Customer Care Center Recovery Team For Cable TV and HFC Broadband MARKET SHARE Market Share in LDI WorldCall share is 2,047 Million out 21,983 Million Broadband Share Market share of Broadband technologies, WorldCall owns most of HFC share, with strong share in EVDO segment. WorldCall added highest number of subscribers in May 2010 with a figure of 20,230 additions, its market share increased from 7% to 9%. The number of mobile subscribers in Pakistan reached the 100mn mark in September 2010 and is expected to continue its growth momentum due to the relatively low penetration rate. In this quarter, BMI has adjusted our mobile forecasts and forecast 136.078mn subscribers in Pakistan by end-2015, representing a penetration rate of 70.3%. Pakistans broadband subscriber base reached 1.053mn in October 2010, an increase of 63.5% from the 643,892 in December 2009. While DSL remained the main technology used to access broadband services in the country, alternative wireless solutions WiMAX and EV-DO are catching up fast. The number of DSL users grew by 96.5% from 262,661 in June 2009. By contrast,. The popularity of mobile broadband services is likely due to more subscriber figures of WiMAX and EV-DO increased by 246.6% and 708.5% over the same period to reach 306,665 and 181,947 respectively affordable pricing plans bundled with low-cost mobile devices. Moreover, two-thirds of the population reside in rural areas where fixed-line infrastructure remains poor and wireless broadband service therefore becomes an attractive and relatively cheaper method to bring connectivity to the underserved regions. (Source: BMI) WLL Market Share in Subscription Subscriber Share (WorldCall has 2nd Largest Share in WLL Subscription):- COMPETITORS DETAIL Burraq Wi-tribe Qtel entered into a regional broadband wireless joint venture with ATCO in march 2007, which evolved as a leading Middle Eastern conglomerate and one of the worlds best leading wireless broadband services providers. This joint venture, floated their brand wi-tribe in the starting of 2008 which is form to create demand and establish WiMAX networks in the Middle East, Asia and Africa. Qtel had 78% stake in this overall venture. Wi-tribe intends to leverage Qtels regional operating experience and multinational footprint, roll out excellent quality networks and services in targeted areas, and develop a strong platform for distribution of broadband content. In Jordan, wi-tribe has acquired a license in an auction and is getting ready to launch in 2008. The Jordan market has a high potential for the wireless broadband service and wi-tribe is well positioned to capture the growth in this market. In Pakistan, wi-tribe acquired a 75% stake in Burraq Telecom which has licenses for WiMAX as well as international long distance. Pakistan is an exciting market for broadband with very low penetration rates and huge potential for growth. Burraq Telecom Limited, founded in 2004 is an established operator licensed to offer a full range of telecommunications services across Pakistan, including long distance international and wireless local loop. The company also has associated spectrum at different frequencies. Burraq has recently completed a limited rollout of its Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) network in all of Pakistans 14 regions. Mobilink Infinity LINKDotNET:- LINKdotNET, the leading Internet Service and Solutions Provider, is a subsidiary of Orascom Telecom Holding Company, the largest integrated telecommunications services provider in the region. Mobilink GSM, a subsidiary of Orascom Telecom, started its operations in 1994. Newest to the rank of life-changing innovative technologies is Mobilink Infinity, the revolutionary next generation wireless broadband network. Words from MoblinkAnd it gives us great joy to welcome you to experience Mobilinks evolution into a total telecommunications solutions provider. This holds great prospects for all our valued customers in terms of value-added services, Internet access, next generation of telephony through Voice over IP and exciting cutting-edge services. PTCL Ufone:- Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation Limited (PTCL) which started to operate in January 2001 under the brand name Ufone was wholly owned by Pakistan Telecom Mobile Limited (PTML). After this privatization Ufone became a part of the Emirates Telecommunication Corporation Group (Etisalat) in 2006. PTCL is Direct Competitor with WorldCall in Ptcl EVO Wireless Broadband, Ptcl SmartTV, Ptcl vFone, Ptcl Broadband and LDI. In fact the real cut to cut competition between Worldcall and PTCL is witnessed since many years. Wateen Warid:- Wateen Telecomis a Pakistani telecommunication company based inLahore,Pakistanand is a sister concern ofWarid Telecom. Wateen Telecom is theAbu Dhabi Groups latest communication investment in Pakistan. With the collaboration of Motorola, they plan on deploying a WiMax country-wide network across Pakistan. After the successful launch of Warid Telecom in Pakistan, which has a subscriber base of over 10 million customers in 145 cities, Wateen Telecom has been set up to become the leading Carriers Carrier providing services based on quality, reliability and affordability in the communication and media sector. Wateen is committed to bring Next Generation services to your doorstep today. NayaTel:-(IN ISLAMABAD ONLY) NayaTel (Pvt) Ltd. (NTL) is a sister concern of Micronet Broadband (Pvt) Ltd. (MBL), www.dsl.net.pk the premier and leading DSL broadband service provider in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Leveraging its rich expertise and experience of broadband, MBL team conceived the idea of a most modern telecom network which can take care of ever growing telecommunication needs of customers and have the capability to cater for telecommunication requirements of at least next three decades. The idea was transformed into reality when NTL launched South Asias first fiber to the home (FTTH) in Islamabad in September 2006. This real triple play project is unique in its nature as it serves complex networking needs of mission critical businesses yet so simple that it has become a symbol of prestige for quality conscious home users. Covering over 90% areas of Islamabad and business areas of Rawalpindi Cantonment, Nayatels network offers ultra broadband Internet, modern telephony and digital video services to business and home users. Fiber-to-the-User is 21st century architecture for delivering multiple services (Voice, Video and Data) to the customer premises. This technology involves laying down fiber optic cable from the carriers facilities to the customer premises. With the ever-decreasing price of Fiber Optic and the rising cost of copper, use of copper cables worldwide is on the decrease. Fiber Optic cables have near-unlimited capacity for carrying data at speeds not supported by Copper media. Financial Analysis Key performance indicators 2010 2009 Net Profit After Tax (NPAT) -1,147 Million -491 Million Depreciation and Amortization 6,143 Million 4,584 Million RATIOS Gross Profit Margin % [(Gross Profit Net Sales)] 11.58% 16% Net Profit Margin % [(NPAT Net Sales)] -15.32% -6% Debt Coverage (Times) [(NPAT + Depr.) (LTD + Interest)] 0.58 0.28 Interest Coverage (Times) [(Net Operating Profit Interest Exp)] -1.02 -0.03 Current Ratio [(Current Assets Current Liabilities)] 0.75 : 1 0.80 : 1 Quick Ratio [(Current Assets-Invt.)Curr. Liab.] 0.40 : 1 0.74 : 1 Debt To Equity Ratio [( LTD (LTD + Equity) ] * 100] 0.46 : 1 0.47 : 1 Cash Ratio [cash current liabilities ] 0.02 : 1 0.06 : 1 Working Capital [ Current Assets Current Liabilities ] (4,803 Million) (1,167 Million) Inventory Days [(Inventory COGS) x 365] 11 days 8 days Inventory Turnover [(Sales Inventory)] 38.69 times 46.17 times Payable Turnover [(Sales Trade Creditors)] 1.61 times 3.75 times Receivable Turnover [(Sales Trade Debtors)] 3.70 times 3.97 times Return On Equity % [(NPAT Net Worth )] -6.04% -0.04% Return On Assets % [(NPAT Total Assets)] -3.02% -0.02% Receivable (Days) [(Trade Debts Net Sales) x 365] 99 days 92 days Payable (Days) [(Trade Creditors Net Sales) x 365] 226 days 98 days EPS [(NPAT) No. Of Shares Outstanding] -1.33 -0.57 Cash Flow Statement Cash Flow from Operating Activities 1,489 Million 1,535 Million Cash Flow from Investing Activities -1,206 Million -1,889 Million Cash Flow from Financing Activities -434 Million 126 Million LIQUIDITY RATIOS Current Ratio [(Current Assets Current Liabilities)] 0.75 : 1 0.80 : 1 It tells us that current liabilities could be 75% paid off through current assets. Quick Ratio [(Current Assets-Inventory)Current Liabilities] 0.40 : 1 0.74 : 1 It tells us that current liabilities could be 40% paid off through Quick Liquidatable Assets. Cash Liquidity Ratio [ cash current liabilities ] 0.02 : 1 0.06 : 1 It tells us that current liabilities could be 2% paid off through Cash Inventory Days [(Inventory COGS) x 365] 11 days 8 days Inventory sold out period is increased to 11 days from 8 days last year. Receivable (Days) [(Trade Debts Net Sales) x 365] 99 days 92 days Average Collection Period is increased by 7 days. Payable (Days) [(Trade Creditors Net Sales) x 365] 226 days 98 days Average payable period is increased by 128 days. TURNOVER RATIOS Inventory Turnover [(Sales Inventory)] 38.69 times 46.17 times It tells us how World call manages its inventories. Receivable Turnover [(Sales Trade Debtors)] 3.70 times 3.97 times It tells us the collection pattern of the World Call. Payable Turnover [(Sales Trade Creditors)] 1.61 times 3.75 times It tells us the firms pattern of payment to suppliers. Leverage Ratios:- Debt Coverage (Times) [(NPAT + Depr.) (CMLTD + Interest)] 0.58 0.28 It tells us how many times Current Maturing Long-term Debt could be paid off through current earnings. Interest Coverage (Times) [(Net Operating Profit Interest Exp)] -1.02 -0.03 It tells us how many times interest can be paid through Operating Profit. Debt To Equity Ratio [( LTD (LTD + Equity) ] * 100] 0.46 : 1 0.47 : 1 World call maintain his debt to equity ratio almost constant as last year. PROFITABILITY RATIOS:- Gross Profit Margin % [(Gross Profit Net Sales)] 11.58% 16% It tells us the ability of the World Call to control cost of goods sold which might be occur through increase in prices. The GP Margin is decreased by 4.42% last year. Net Profit Margin % [(NPAT Net Sales)] -15.32% -6% Tells us profitability after consideration o all revenue and expense, including interest, taxes and non-operating items. it decrease by 9.32% last year. Return On Equity % [(NPAT Net Worth )] -6.04% -0.04% Tells us the rate of return on Stockholders Investment. (ROI) Return On Assets % [(NPAT Total Assets)] -3.02% -0.02% Tells us the efficiency in managing investment in assets in order to generating profits. EPS [(NPAT) No. Of Shares Outstanding] -1.33 -0.57 Tells the earning per common share. Financial Overview:- The year remained somewhat dismal on the front of financial performance. The Company was not able to sustain the revenue levels which it achieved last year. Primarily the fall came due to decline in international termination, delay in roll outs and tariff adjustments in response to price wars. The LDI segment of the Company remained under pressure due to lower APC (Access Promotion Contribution) charges and termination rate instability. The price cuts forced due to the gravity of competition and lower traffic volumes adversely impacted the revenue lines. The depleting margins aggravated the position as the cost of operations continuously soared on account of macro-economic instability, energy crises, and inflationary trends prevailing in the economy. The decline of international segment was partly compensated as the Company strengthened its position in the data and EVDO segment. However the desired targets in these segments too could not be materialized due to delay in expansion and upgrade plans. The Company posted revenue of Rs 7,464 million which was 11% lower than the last year total. Despite all endeavors of cost rationalization on the part of management, the direct and operating costs remained high on account of heavy depreciation charges, network maintenance expenses and rising cost of doing business. The decline in revenue together with higher cost levels translated to operating loss of Rs 762 million. The finance cost also showed 42% increase due to exposure to high cost borrowings. Fall in the overall revenue together with high levels of costs led to closure of period with net loss of Rs 1,147 million. Another thing came as the Company closed TFC-III redemption worth Rs 817 million in Oct 2010. Subsequent to that, redemption of Rs. 71 million against TFC-II was also accomplished. These hefty payoffs nevertheless led to accumulation of some other liabilities on the balance sheet, but honoring of such heavy commitments to financial institutions in time can be seen as a good gesture, which leads a company to have loss for the period. On the other hand, the mitigation of hefty liabilities will not only ease the finance cost burden but would also spare resources for productive usage in turn leading to further enhancement in the cash generating ability of the Company. The decline in debt servicing costs will also improve the profitability in the years ahead. Performance Overview:- The EVDO expansion project was also successfully conducted during the year and the presence in seven major cities across the country was effectively accomplished. To support the scale of operations and to meet the customer requirement for fast and reliable services, the Company increased number of sites and upgraded the existing sites as well. The first phase of funding comprising term facility of US $35 million against corporate guarantee of Omantel has been successfully accomplished subsequent to year end. All procedural requirements in this regard have been successfully complied with. Problem Section Main Problems according to Management:- Omantel has totally changed system of management for the company. Reducing of advertisements expense due to pressure of cost cutting. Same reasons for not having large Marketing staff. Omantel emphasizing on ERP The delay in process of initiating an ERP. ERP is time-consuming process. New Managers are involved into current issues of the company. Previously they were multiple companies now all of the accounts have been reorganized and similar accounts have to be merged. Main Problems according to our Analysis:- Giving unusual importance to LDI from very beginning. Branding and Positioning not done through proper process. Very weak franchising strategies. Franchises strength missing. Heavily lacking Long term strategies. We observe lack of coordination between different Departments. Lack of use of BCG MATRIX for their product portfolio. Market Penetration was earlier used in Voice segment but now being avoided. Complains by customers due to conflict in network capacity and after sale services. Loosing potential buyers due to less Advertising. Less Promotional strategies and sales staff. No ERP, inappropriate CRM and Professional Accounting Software. Omantel is not involving low level staff in business matters. Strategic Alternatives:- Solutions to solve the problems:- The change process must be moved top to down gradually by Omantel. Every level of Management must be involved in the change process. Delays in ERP (SAP) must be overcome by WC, by diverting their focus on ERP implementation on preference basis. Business Process Reengineering is preferable solution to WC over all problems. Using of BCG MATRIX is very important for WC to understand their DOG and STAR products. Branding and positioning must be revised for many segments. Customer complaints and customer churn rate can be reduced by sensible installing of networks and sales. The whole experience of the customer from the first interaction at the touch point to the consistent usage of the service will be enriched. Co-ordination between many Departments must be improved as soon as possible. Omantel is coming up with Fresh Long term plans which are a good sign; well it is highly needed and must be implemented with unanimous agreement. The avoidance of market penetration will not benefit WC in long run, thus WC must behave more Competitive. WC must buy professional software. First of all, franchising strength must be increased all over the country, and then Franchises must be made more modern and must be made more productive in reference to services and sale. Omantel must refrain from such act which creates a perception of job insecurity between the employees. WC having very strong physical network, the only need is timely maintenance and proper resource utilization. The planned network upgrades and expansions will ensure delivery of seamless, high quality and reliable services to end users The process of creating awareness about the Companys portfolio and building an image of reliability and quality will also be addressed with a keen vision. Financial Measures The whole Financial Projection for Worldcall is out of the scope of this report. But we suggest some important measures that World Call should take in order to cope up with the current loss scenario. Sales should be increased with the rapidly increase in subscribers which results in increase in ARPU (Average Revenue per User). Cut down Direct Costs as well as Operating Costs. Long-term Debt should be paid as soon as possible, which results in heavy financial cost. Manage Cash in that manner so Working Capital should become positive. Implementation plan The implementation plan is discussed and suggested according to different segments of the company:- Overall Segment:- Voice Segment:- Data Segment:- Entertainment Segment:- FUTURE PROJECTIONS Pakistan continued its decline on BMIs Business Environment Ratings for the Asia-Pacific region. Although the country scored relatively well on the Industry Rewards and Risks segment, we note the country faces significant downside pressure on the macroeconomic front. While we upgraded the countrys headline growth forecast figure to 1.5% for FY2010/11. (Source: BMI) Conclusion WorldCall is a competent telecom company in Pakistan with huge infrastructure and backed by strong parent company Omantel. It has strong potential to compete and grow as a leading diverse telecom company. We have gone through thorough analysis of WorldCall and studied almost every aspect of the company; we have recommended strategies, solutions to major problems faced by WorldCall. We also provided three year implementation plan that represent a clear growth strategy for WorldCall.