Grammatical Tense And Aspect English Language Essay

Grammatical Tense And Aspect English Language Essay Tense and aspect are the most important grammatical categories for expressing time and temporal relations in English. For me, I will share my experience Now I am an English teacher at Udonthani Vocational College. I teach many English courses such as English for communication 2 , English Conversation , Business English .In each course I have taught 4 language skills such as listening skill, writing skill, speaking skill and reading skill. Students must learn every language skills because English is very important . If you want to communicate English very well you must practice 4 language skills. According to the topic 28 Tense and aspect They are very necessary in teaching grammar. Students must learn how to use tense and aspect. I will teach every English course but I dont teach them all at the same time. The aim of teaching tense and aspect is to study various linguistic approaches to the description of tense and aspect in English Moreover the course description will be the focus o f the ways of expressing present, past, future time. Now I will explain you some English course that I teach in this semester. Before start teaching I will study the course discription from the Vocational Education Commission curriculum. After that I will construc the course syllabus follow the the curriculum. I do the course outline by myself. Then I will study the content and provide the lesson which related the course description from many textbooks. I choose some content and combine to one book. For example I teach English for Conversation 2 (2000-1202) for the first year student in accounting field. I teach 18 Weeks in each semester. I must plan my teaching 9 units (1 unit per 2 week) I will choose some tense and aspect to teach in each unit . In unit one I taught about family . I will choose Present Tense of verb to be and verb to do. Students must know the structure of Tense . How or when to use it? How to make Wh-question. In unit 2 I taught about keeping a diary. Students m ust know and understand Past Simple Tense. They can tell the story in the past . The most important thing before to teach teacher must prepare their teaching and lesson plan . Teacher must improve teaching method and strategies The teachers must know the meaning of tense and aspect and also had understanding .I will show you the content as follow: What is Tense? The Definition of Tense (noun) : a form of a verb used to indicate the time . Tense is a method that we use in English to refer to time. There are three main principle of tenses . They are past tense , present tense and future tense. I will explain the meaning of each Tense. First, Present Tense verb show something is happening right now or at the present time. Second, Past tense verbs which tell about actions which happened some time ago are past tense verbs . Third, Future tense mean verbs which tell about actions which are going to happen are future tense verbs. Many languages use tenses to talk about time. Other language have no tenses, but of course they can still talk about time, using different methods. I will talk about time in English with tense. For example: Jirapon goes to temple. ( Present Tense) Udom went to school yesterday ( Past Tense) Suki will go to school tomorrow ( Future Tense) What is aspect? Aspect expresses a feature of the action related to time such as completion rod duration. Present simple and past simple tenses have no aspect. Aspect always include Perfect Tenses and Progressive or continuous Tense .For example: Perfective aspect ( be+ ing) My parents have lived in Udon Thani since last October. I have studied English since last year. Progressive aspect ( have+ past participle) They are reading newspaper in the room. David is washing his car at home. Further more there are 12 Verb Tenses in English . This is a chart of active verb tenses Tense Past Tense Present Tense Future Tense Simple I went to 7-11. She cooked dinner yesterday. We learnt French. I go to 7-11. She cooks dinner every day. We learn French I will go to 7-11. She will cook tomorrow. We will learn French Progressive be + main verb +ing I was going to Switzerland. She was cooking . We were learning French I am going to 7-11 now. She is washing dishes at the moment. We are learning French now. I will be cooking when you come. We will be going to Bangkok when the sun set. Perfect have + main verb I had cooked breakfast when the phone rang. She has cook many meals. We will have cooked breakfast by the time our mother come. Perfect progressive have + be + main verb + ing He had been cooking for 1 hour before he took lessons. He has been cooking for over and hour. He will have been cooking all day by the time she gets home. Time clues: these are words that give some information about when an action occurs. Some examples are: yesterday       every day tomorrow while now simple past simple present simple future past progressive present progressive There are many words that are time clues; some can be used to indicate a number of tenses, for instance that something happened in the past or that it will happen in the future. If you learn to recognize these time clues, you will find them very helpful. Note that some time clues can be used with more than one verb tense and also that this table is not a complete listing of all the time clues that can be used with all of the tenses Chart-Time Clues and Verb Tense Past Present Future Simple Simple Past Simple Present Simple Future yesterday last year/ month/ etc. before for five weeks/days/etc. one year/ month ago every morning / day / etc. always usually frequently sometimes tomorrow tonight next week/month/etc. soon in the future Progressive Past Progressive Present Progressive Future progressive while when now right now this week/minute/etc. when after as soon as before Perfect Past Perfect Present Perfect Future Perfect before already by the time until then/last week/etc. after until now since ever never many times/ weeks/years/etc. for three hours/ minutes/etc/ by the time you go (somewhere) by the time you do (something) already Perfect Progressive Past Perfect progressive Present Perfect Progressive Future Perfect Progressive before for one week/hour/etc. since for the past year/ month/ etc. for the last 2 months/ weeks/etc. up to now for 6 weeks/hours/etc. since by the time for ten days/weeks/etc. by From www.athabascau.cea Lesson Plan Subject: English For Communication 2 Level: Certificate 1 Instructor : Mrs. Sutida Intawai Text: English For Communication 2 Lesson: 4 Time: 2 period à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Objectives : Students will be able to: 1.to inductively review both struture and names of basic tenses Content: Vocabulary : Food, nationalities, dates and time, restaurants Structures : 1. Present simple tense 2. Present continuous tense 3. Present perfect tense 4. Present perfect continuous tense 5. Past simple tense 6. Past continuous tense 7. Past perfect tense 8. Past perfect continuous tense 9. Future simple tense 10. Future continuous tense 11. Future perfect tense 12. Future perfect continuous tense Functions : 1. Talking about Tense and aspect Teaching procedures /Activities: Warm up / Lead in : The teacher greets students and tell them that they are going to learn about outline goals for todays class. Presentation: 1.Teacher presents the charts of structure of tense and aspect .Let them guess the kind of tense and aspect. Practice: 1.Teacher divide students into groups of 2 to 4 2. Have students take personal information quiz in groups 3. Check answers as a class, ask students to quickly speak about what they have learned about their fellow students Production: 1. Have groups identify tense names used in question 2. Give auxiliary verb exercise to students to be done individually 3. Correct auxiliary exercise in class Wrap up: Teacher and students discuss and summarize about this unit together. Teacher suggests students for further study by searching for more information from other resources for example, internet , library , newspaper and Self Access Learning Center in the college. Teaching aids/materials: Chart Authentic material; newspaper , food menu Textbook Evaluation and measurement: Observing the participation in class Correcting the exercises Personal note: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€ š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Language Points: Affirmative Sentence: Present Simple (I do, work, like etc.) She works in the office. They talk about their project. Subject Verb I / We / You /They work talk use play watch do He / She / It works talks uses plays watches does Example: I live in Nakonnayok but my sister lives in Prachinburi. ( We use the present simple for things that are true in general, or for things that happen sometimes or all the times) I walk to school. The museum open at 09.00 a.m. and closes at 05.30 p.m. Suda goes to work in the morning. He does everything that she asks. (We use the present simple with always/ never/ often / usually / sometimes) We always travel by train. I often try to fix my computer. He washes his car every weekend. She usually carries her note book computer to work. Negative Sentences: Pattern: I dont + verb (present simple negative) Example: Santa doesnt come. The racing car doesnt slow. Subject Auxiliary Verb + not Verb I / You / We / They don t work He / She / It doesnt work I drink coffee but I dont drink tea. The children dont play in the park. Mary doesnt go to the library. She drinks tea but she doesnt drink coffee. Question Sentence: Pattern: Do you.. (Present simple question).? Example: Do they work? Does she work? Auxiliary Verb Subject Verb +? Do I /we / you / they work? Does He / she/ it work? Do you smoke? No, I dont. Do they speak English? Yes, they do. Does she work hard? Yes, she does Does your brother live in Bangkok? No, he does. Worksheet 1 Personal Information Quiz When did you last see a film? How many times have you been abroad? What type of books do you like reading? When were you born? How long have you been learning English? What will the weather be like tomorrow? What were you doing at 7 oclock yesterday evening? What are your parents doing? Where are your classes taught? What are you going to do after this course finishes? What are the names of the tenses used in the above question? 1. Present simple tense 2. Present continuous tense 3. Present perfect tense 4. Present perfect continuous tense 5. Past simple tense 6. Past continuous tense 7. Past perfect tense 8 Past perfect continuous tense 9. Future simple tense 10. Future continuous tense 11. Future perfect tense 12. Future perfect continuous tense From http://esl.about.com Worksheet 2 Complete the table using examples from the text in activity B1 Tense Aspect Example present (no aspect = simple) continuous perfect past (no aspect = simple) continuous perfect Worksheet 3 Match the verb forms (1-6) with their main concepts (a-f) Verb form Concept 1. present simple a. past event with present relevance 2. past simple b. activity or process, in progress in the past 3. present continuous c. past state, event or habit 4.past continuous d. present state, event or habit 5. present perfect e. past event that happened prior to another past event 6. past perfect f. activity or process, in progress in the present Worksheet 4 Writing : Simple present Tense Exercise 1: Complete the text using words from the box. get up go have sleep start finish I (1) early, at quarter to six, and (2) To work at about half past six. I (3) breakfast in a cafà © near my office, and (4) .. work at half past seven. I dont (5).. a big lunch, just a sandwich and a coffee, I usually (6) . work at about six oclock. I (7) . home at seven, then I (8) dinner with husband. He loves cooking! After dinner we usually watch TV, then I (9) .. to bed early. About ten oclock and (10).. for seven or eight house. In conclusion, Tense and aspect are still problem for Thai learners. There are many error when do they speak and confuse because they speak English similar Thai speaking. They have many problems such as word order and use tense mistake. For example: I am not enjoy this film. Lets leave. What do you eating now? etc. So the teacher of English should develop their teaching and try to teach students learning by doing. Students will gain English language skill especially Tense and aspect from teacher as well. **************

This Is My Playes Last Scene

How has Donne used characteristics typical of metaphysical poetry to convey his ideas in â€Å"Holy Sonnet: ‘This is my playes last scene’? † This is my playes last scene is one of Donne’s ‘Holy Sonnets’ embodying spiritual pain and struggling faith in Christianity. Numerous biblical allusions and morbid tone that are typical of metaphysical poetry, convey Donne’s fear of death and religious scepticism. The opening four lines depict the last moments of the speaker’s life through metaphoric comparisons. The comparison â€Å"playes last scene† suggests the speaker is searching for an end that is meaningful and fulfilling.Christian imagery in â€Å"pilgrimage’s last mile† places this envisioned end in religious context, as a pilgrimage to the site of treasured holy relics is representative of Donne’s path to unfaltering devotion, to God. A paradoxical phrase ‘idly, yet quickly run’ expresses t he speaker’s hesitance on the way to achieving this believed end to life. The addition of the comparisons â€Å"span’s last inch† and â€Å"minute’s latest point† enhances the cumulative listing of comparisons and dramatises the speaker’s fear of death.The startling personification â€Å"gluttonous death† portrays Donne’s morbid paranoia of the brief moment when body and soul become â€Å"unjoint†. The speaker’s life is dichotomised; his body shall â€Å"sleep a space†, his soul shall â€Å"see that face†, a Christian image of God’s omnipotence imparting judgement on the speaker. The ninth line witnesses a direct confidence in the speaker’s tone â€Å"as my soul, to heaven her first seat†. More prominently featured â€Å"So, fall my sins†, the immutable tone conveys a false reassurance, whereby the speaker actually pleas helplessly for God’s will and judgement.The i mperative voice in â€Å"Impute me righteous† forcefully channels the persona’s imploration to receive God’s judgement and have so-called righteousness imputed. The precise word â€Å"impute† makes another religious reference to the Christian understanding of attributing unearned qualities in an act of grace. The finality of the sonnet is epitomised by the poetic triplet â€Å"the world, the flesh and devil†, which alludes to the three sinful temptations as it was known in the context of Donne’s time.It enhances the prayer made by the speaker to be purged of sinful thoughts and acts, by godly intervention that would finally allow him to reach a transcendental state. Ultimately, Donne questions the Christian faith, and commands God’s mercy and judgement by Christian imagery and references to Biblical passages. He expresses despair about his salvation, and reveals his fear of death in a sensitive meditation. As such, the poem is an exem plary display of typical metaphysical characteristics.

How Father Involvement Can Increase Positive Social And...

The perception of a tradition father can appear in various forms. Today’s father role has taken a change based on the traditional father seen many years ago. In the past father’s where identified as the breadwinner and disciplinarian in the family. The traditional role has shown a decrease where there is a rise of single parent households being led by the mother. There have been several studies conducted to explore how father involvement can increase positive social and emotional development. Paschal et al., (2011), identified provider role as the one who provide economic status the child. Participants expressed a desire to care for a child financially. Fathers identified their responsibility of caring for a child by purchasing diapers, clothes, and baby food. In most cases Paschal et al., (2011) found most fathers who shared the importance of providing for child financially was older, and had some form of employment compared to young fathers. 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The oman telecommunication company - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 28 Words: 8491 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Brief History The Oman telecommunication company is the most reliable and unique telecom and multimedia service provider in Pakistan which is also known as Omantel. The world call telecommunication limited is also the Omantelscompany. The companys word:- WorldCall launched its business in June 1996 with payphone operations. A fundamental shift in technology and industry, innovation and dedication led us to growth in diversified businesses with a range of services designed to serve the needs of the local market. From Cable Broadband to Wireless Broadband, from Cable TV to Video on Demand, from LDI services and fiber optic network to wireless local loop telephony, WC has crossed a number of milestones. WC offers an array of services under three major service categories i.e. Data, Entertainment and Voice. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The oman telecommunication company" essay for you Create order WorldCall Telecom Ltd. became an associate company of Omantel after acquisition of major share holding by Omantel in 2008. Today, WorldCall Telecom has become more innovative, dedicated, and reliable company in Pakistan. Status of Omantel:- Oman Telecommunications Company (Omantel) is the largest communication service provider in Oman. Any telephone call you make, local or international, the SMS Messages, or internet services, Omantel is the major and larger provider. Situational Analysis In 1996 First Capital Securities Corporation commenced to incubate payphone operation named WorldCall Payphones Limited. The new venture stood first in a communication revolution that was yet to hang on the country. WorldCall perception of a changing business environment placed them at the lead of a demand-led explosion of payphones all over the country. WorldCall introduced their first payphone in June 1996. They were one of the largest fixed line payphone operators. With the expansion in telecom they have continued to innovate. Over the years they have invested heavily in new technologies and businesses. In 1998 prepaid calling cards were launched by WorldCall Phonecards under the brand name Hello. In the following years WC provided its dial-up internet services through WorldCall.com. In 2000 WorldCall in Multimedia segment established a Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) network in Lahore thus becoming the first Multi-service operator in the country, providing cable television and Internet-over-cable. WC cable TV in Lahore, is the last but largest entrant till now. In 2003 WC launched a state of the art HFC network operation in Karachi under WorldCall Broadband Limited. These are the largest and only national networks capable of three features at the same time (cable TV, high speed internet/data and telephony). WorldCall Telecom Limited got Wireless Local Loop (WLL) license in the post deregulation auction to provide WLL telephony in all 14 telecom regions of Pakistan primarily in the 1900 MHz band. It has partnered with Samsung for a CDMA 2000. WC started service from Lahore in June 2005 which is now available in over 40 cities. WC also acquired an LDI license and service commenced at the end of 2004. WTL enjoys significant edge over competition due to unused fiber optic capabilities available in the telecommunication sector. In April 2008, Omantel had acquired 65 percent shares of WorldCall Telecom Limited for $200 million. The CEO WorldCall Mr Salmaan Taseer led the WorldCall delegation Salman Taseer said that WorldCall is the first company to launch payphone cards, High HFC System and local loop in the country. WorldCall is positioned in a unique way being the only real Multi Service Operator (MSO) in Pakistan telecom landscape with proven track record and established market position in various segments of its operations. WorldCall also enjoys leadership position with consistent growth in its market share for broadband connectivity and cable television. Focus of rollout will principally target broadband segment with sustained growth of voice services. This planned expansion coupled with initial investment would see a decent inflow of capital into Pakistan. Omantel is a publicly traded telecom company based in Oman with diversified operations. However, acquisition of majority stake in WorldCall is its first overseas venture. Structure of WorldCall Location of offices Location of Head Office WorldCall Telecom Limited 67-C III, Gulberg III, Lahore, Pakistan Tel: (92 42) 5872633-38 Fax: (92 42) 5755231 Wireless Local Loop Main Office Ibrahim Trade Center (Near Barkat Market) 1- Aibak Block, New Garden Town, Lahore (92 42) 8464646 www.callwireless.com.pk WLL Helpline (92) 0800-19111 WC Net Helpline 109, UAN (111-111-965) Number of Total Employees:- As of December 2010, around 1800 total employees work for WorldCall. (More than 3000 before downsizing after acquisition of WorldCall by Omantel, however these decisions were taken by the Omani top management) Legal Status and Nature of Business The Group consists of: WorldCall Telecom Limited WorldCall Telecom Limited (the Company) is a public limited company incorporated in Pakistan on 15 March 2001 under the Companies Ordinance, 1984 and its shares are quoted on the Karachi and Lahore Stock Exchanges. WorldCall Telecom Ltd. groups principal activity is to provide telecommunication services. It operates through two business segments: Telecom segment provides operation and maintenance services for payphone network. Broadband segment provides internet over cable and cable TV services. The Group operates mainly in its domestic market. The Company commenced its operations on 01 December 2004 and is engaged in providing Wireless Local Loop (WLL) and Long Distance International (LDI) services in Pakistan, operation and maintenance of public payphones network and re-broadcasting international/national satellite/terrestrial wireless and cable television and radio signals as well as interactive communication and to establish, maintain and operate the licensed telephony services. The Company has been licensed by Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) and Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) for these purposes. Worldcall Telecommunications Lanka (Private) Limited (the Subsidiary) was incorporated in Sri Lanka and is a joint venture with Hayleys Group to operate payphones. The principal activity of the Subsidiary is the operation and maintenance of public payphones networks. Payphones are installed at various shops/commercial outlets. The Company holds 70.65% of voting securities in the Subsidiary. Type of Ownership A Subsidiary of Omantel Before the acquisition and restructuring of WorldCall, the WorldCall group was consisted of following companies: Worldcall Communications Limited Worldcall Phone cards Limited Worldcall Multimedia Limited Worldcall Broadband Limited Omantel decided to consolidate WorldCall into a single company and as a subsidiary of Omantel. Foreign Subsidiary Worldcall Telecommunications Lanka (Pvt.) Limited is a foreign subsidiary of Worldcall Telecom Ltd. Key Players Historically Salman Taseer remained the key player in WorldCall as a Leader, CEO and Chairman.After the completion of acquisitions Omantel plays important role at corporate level but WorldCall lacks any leadership personality like Salman Taseer. CEO of the Company The current players are Babar Ali Sayed (CEO) former LDI Director Operations. First time in the history of WorldCall the CEO is from Technical Department, unlike previous CEOs with background in Finance and Chartered Accountants. A current picture of MR. Babar Ali Syed is below: Board of Directors Mr. Mehdi Mohammed Al Abduwani Mr. Talal Said Marhoon Al-Mamari Mr. Bernhard Heinichen Mr. Samy Ahmed Abdulqadir Al Ghassany Mr. Zafar Iqbal Mr. Aimen bin Ahmed Al Hosni Mr. Saud bin Ahmed Al-Nahari Mr. Shehryar Ali Taseer Mr. Asadullah Khawaja (nominee Arif Habib Securities Limited) Vision and Mission Statements VISION:- We at WorldCall are committed to achieving dynamic growth and service excellence by being at the cutting edge of technological innovation. We strive to consistently meet and surpass customers, employees and stake-holders expectations by offering state-of-the-art telecom solutions with national international footprints. We feel pride in making efforts to position WorldCall and Pakistan in the forefront of international arena. MISSION:- In the telecom market of Pakistan, WorldCall to have an overwhelming impact on the basis of following benchmarks: Create new standards of product offering in basic and value added telephony by being more cost effective, easily accessible and dependable. Thus ensuring real value for money to all segments of market. Be a leader within indigenous operators in terms of market share, gross revenues and ARPU within five years and maintain the same positioning thereafter. Achieve utmost customer satisfaction by setting up high standards of technical quality and service delivery. Ensuring the most profitable and sustainable patterns of ROI (Return on Investment) for the stake-holders. ANALYSIS of MISSION STATEMENT WHO ARE WE? Be a leader within indigenous operators in terms of market share, gross revenues and ARPU within five years and maintain the same positioning thereafter. WHAT WE DO? Create new standards of product offering in basic and value added telephony by being more cost effective, easily accessible and dependable. Thus ensuring real value for money to all segments of market. WHERE ARE WE NOW? Achieve utmost customer satisfaction by setting up high standards of technical quality and service delivery. Now in term Components:- Customers Product services Markets Technology Concern for survival growth and profitability Philosophy Self concept Concern for public image Concern for employees Suggested Correct Vision Statement:- To be a leader in a telecom industry by being at cutting edge of technological innovation. Goals Objectives of WorldCall 2010:- GOALS:- To redevelop an infrastructure which help company to implement multi destination LDI operations To expand the wireless broadband network To secure advertisement revenue share through cable TV network OBJECTIVES:- To secure international terminations from the major countries of Europe and USA; and establishments POPs (Point-Of-Presence, Switch, Router, Billing system) using co-location. To establish head-ends (main transmission source) in 14 major cities of Pakistan. WorldCall plans to expand its EVDO service in all the 50 major cities of Pakistan. External and Internal assessment PESTE(L) ANALYSIS The Telecom sector all around the world and especially in Pakistan has experienced a tremendous growth in the last few years. The telecommunication sector of Pakistan was awarded the status of industry in 2005 and since then it has been one of the fastest growing sectors of Pakistan quite eminent from various factors such as the mobile density reaching 61.7% in December 2010 and the number of mobile subscribers reaching 102 million. (Source: Pakistan Telecommunication Authority, Annual report 2010). Political factors The political environment of Pakistan is getting unstable uncertain day by day so only the government decision and initiative measures are very important. Decline in foreign investment is also the reason of political instability. PTA is highly autonomous govt. organization and has shown the moderate continuity in the policies regardless of changes in the political environment. PTA is striving hard and trying its best to provide equal competition opportunities in Telecom industry. Govt. can announce unexpected tax changes in Telecom industry. PTA convinced the government that raising taxes will not result in more money coming in the reverse is actually true as the Pakistan government got less revenue. Economical factors The ever increasing economical issues like inflation and the growing debt of Pakistan. The disposable income of people getting low due to the price inflation of consumer goods services. PTA report 2010 tells that telecom sector of economy is in a good shape and growing. Inflation is controlling by state bank and under strict eyes but unemployment rate is going up and up with the increase of level of poverty. High interest rate ~13% Decline in Telecom share in total GST due to low tariffs. Social factors Telecommunication is used in the professional and private sphere now days. Better telecommunication services and telecommunication is now becoming essential part of people lifestyle. Now people have become habitual of consuming new technology products. Internet has become a real working tool; people use Internet at home, at work. People are interested in more than just Plain Old Cable/TV technologies like Digital Cable TV, Video-On-Demand, and Personal Video Recorders not just plain old TV due to frequent use of internet. Young generation is getting more interest in wireless telecommunication and spends more time in online social activities like chatting, social networking. Telecommunication becoming an integrated part of our social life style. People now like to use Facebook on their pc and on mobile, allowing them to connect with their family and friends anytime anywhere. Internet becomes an integral part of people social-lives. Online gaming is growing rapidly and the ever increasing gaming competition all over the world and in pakistan as well. Technological factors Telecom sector have technology with which they can compete in Pakistan and now companies are investing in their infrastructure to not only expand but also to upgrade their existing structure. Currently mostly companies are providing Multi-media Messaging Services (MMS), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Virtual Private Network (VPN), Pocket Stocks, Conference Calling, Wallpapers Animated pictures Polyphonic ring tones (WAP), and Voice Mail at low price and some are also providing feature that one can see TV channels on their cell. Individuals and companies are recognizing the benefits of mobility of wireless broadband. The expertise of IT and Telecom industry has greatly reduce cost and time on the usage of products and services. For example, new VoIP technologies are changing the cost structure of the LDI business. Upcoming future wireless broadband technologies are changing the trends of internet usage. Pakistans telecom industry is one the fastest growing industries even compared to other countries. Innovations and development in telecom technologies has played a major role in the overall growth. Innovations and Developments in IT and Telecom can create and motivate new demands. Like Video Conferencing induced more demand for companies interested in online business meetings. Now a day, firms are in search of reliable information systems. And for this telecom technologies playing vital role. Environmental factors The telecommunication towers spoil the view especially of tourism places but no attention is paid towards this. Ecological Factors Natural Obstructions in Wireless Transmission Infrastructure usage facing difficulty due to the conditions of land. Legal factors Corruption and bribery in legal authorities suffers a telecom companies a lot to face difficulties PTA is the telecom industry regulator and their some objectives are: Telecom sector changed from monopoly to competition Protection of the rights of the companies competing with incumbents and to provide safeguards the interest of the users of the telecommunication services. The unbiased laws of telecom sector to establish healthy competition in market. Porters five forces model Threat of New Entrants Telecom is a very capital concentrated industry, entry into this industry means that the firms need access to huge amount of capital mainly to cover the fixed costs to lay and maintain a physical network (infrastructure, fiber optic cables etc) to the premises of customers. As it is mandatory for the firms to get approval/licenses from PTA, which is both costly, and a tiresome job. Although companies in this industry mostly tended to monopolies regulated by the government up to price controls and moderate to heavy taxation. The telecom industry is already dominated by major players and smaller manufacturers have to struggle, due to high setup costs and market dominations threat of new entrants is low because of: High Government restrictions or legislation Telecom licenses, rights, regional licenses Expected Mergers and Acquisitions High fixed costs High Capital requirements Aggressive competition Bargaining Power of Suppliers There is intense competition between suppliers because of multi-million dollar contracts between Pakistani firms and mostly foreign suppliers. List of suppliers who intensely compete with each other to reach contracts with their business customers. Sometimes suppliers show flexible behavior to maintain the long term relationship with their profit oriented customers. In an telecom industry the manufacturers of telephone switching /switch board equipment, fiber optic cables, network equipment, and billing software makers are low. The prominent names in this industry include Cisco, Alcatel-lucent, Ericsson, Hawawie, ZTE, Samsung, Nortel and Motorola. With the outcome of economic crises and excess capacity and falling demand, the suppliers do not have much power and have to negotiate gently with the telecom companies because of: High availability of substitute inputs Competitive suppliers of telecom equipment Low degree of differentiation of inputs, due to high component standardization. Bargaining Power of Consumer Consumer have high power because customer influence in pricing and shifts towards other sellers if he/she is not satisfied with the quality or price of the product or services. Consumers have very high buying power in telecom sector because though they have many options to choose from especially in Voice segment. Firms are now more concentrating on providing after sales services. Most of the products in the telecom sector industry have not much difference while some may have considerable differences. The increasing trend of communication like email, instant messaging, is declining the importance of voice services. Switching to another product is simple Customers are price sensitive Consumers have high product knowledge Switching costs are low Availability of existing substitute products Plenty of choice of several technologies and other communication means available, enhanced the buyers power. Threat of Substitute Products There are many substitutes available in market. In case of unsatisfactionwith any of the feature customers can easily switch to the other because he/she has the almost exact or the same kind of substitutes. Many of the substitute products and services have emerged in voice, data and entertainment in telecom due to the technological breakthroughs. Switching power is high in telecom sector characterize by high technological developments and fast availability of alternative substitutes. Some of these are more convenient and offer far greater value to the consumer and have diminished the importance of traditional fixed line phones. Substitutes include Broadband, Wireless broadband, DigitalTv, IP Telephony, Mobile phones, Satellite, Email, and Instant Messaging etc. Rivalry among Competitors Due to growth opportunities and government focus on the telecom sector, there is a strong likelihood that competition will gradually increase as new firms enter the industry. there are many existing competitors of world call. The intensity among current rivals is intense and they are mostly competing on technological bases to create competitive advantages. Industry rivalry has become extremely intense with the emergence of new competing firms leading to price cuts across the industry. Companies can only grow by stealing market share away from competitors. Telecom industry with a very high growth. Advertising intensity and spending are very high. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Technical infrastructure HFC-cable Product range Working in major cities Reputation Balanced sales Reliable wireless broadband Weaknesses High dependence on Voice segment Weak marketing Lacking a proper long-term strategy Weak brand positioning Less focus on short-term profitability Infrastructure varies from location to locations ERP implementation taking too long Opportunities Demand increased for backhaul network Cross-sell in major cities Increased demand for LDI and Broadband Privatization of government telecom projects PTA delayed 3G licenses Threats Economy instability CaTV operators alliance Threat by WiMax or other 4G technologies Government policies Increased consumer churn rate Heavy Price competition SWOT Matrix SWOT MATRIX Strengths S 1. Technical infrastructure 2. HFC-cable 3. Product range 4. Working in major cities 5. Reputation 6. Balanced sales 7. Reliable wireless broadband Weaknesses W 1. High dependence on Voice segment 2. Weak marketing 3. Lacking a proper long-term strategy 4. Weak brand positioning 5. Less focus on short-term profitability 6. Infrastructure varies from location to locations 7. ERP implementation taking too long Opportunities O 1. Demand increased for backhaul network 2. Cross-sell in major cities 3. Increased demand for LDI and Broadband 4. Privatization of government telecom projects 5. PTA delayed 3G licenses SO Strategies Market development of HFC-Cable (S3, O2) Market development of Wireless Broadband (S7, O3) Offer more B2B Data services (S1, O1) WO Strategies Market Penetration and Product Development of Data services (O5, W1) Brand development for broadband segment (O3, W4) Develop uniformity across infrastructure (O1, W6) Threats T 1. Economy instability 2. CaTV operators alliance 3. Threat by WiMax or other 4G technologies 4. Government policies 5. Increased consumer churn rate 6. Heavy Price competition ST Strategies Market development of HFC-Cable (S3, T2) Diversification of Products (S3, T1) Differentiation strategy for wireless broadband (S7, T6) WT Strategies Highly Differentiated Products (T6, W2) Quickly integrate ERP to analyze churn-rate (T6, W7) Hold Maintain (T1, W5) BCG Matrix Core Competencies Analysis The core competences that we have analyzed are Strong Dark Fiber Largest (hybrid fiber coaxial) HFC/Cable Operator (CATV, IOC, VoIP/MSAN Telephony) in Pakistan. Premium WLL and LDI operator in Pakistan. Specific Specialties Worldcall has taken the lead in introducing innovative telecommunication services in Pakistan: Supervised Payphones business model in Pakistan which is now being followed by many other operators largest fixed line payphone infrastructure. The first company to introduce prepaid calling card services in the country. Worldcall developed the first ever broadband HFC convergence Infrastructures in Pakistan the only operator in Pakistan and one of the few in the region to provide a triple play (CATV, broadband internet, telephony) Worldcall was the first operator in Pakistan to commission a state of the art next generation network (NGN) covering long distance international (LDI) inbound and outbound, local loop (LL) / wireless local loop (WLL) telephony services. This is a fully converged architecture enabling wireless solutions and hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) telephony. Strategies Undertaken at: Corporate level:- As the other firms have strategies, WorldCall also has strategies at different levels. In corporate level strategies they basically discuss the current business status as well as the future of the current business. Then they decided in meetings, that in which sector they have to add something and in which sector they want to remove something. They are mainly concerned with: What kind of businesses they want themselves in? How they should manage all sectors or businesses? Types of diversifications they are following Related Business Diversification WorldCall mainly focus in Related Business Diversification. As many good and effective service of WorldCall the broadband service of WorldCall has good growth and opportunity. In this same line of business they diversify their business and there diversification is very much effective for them. They are introducing new and new things in this same line of business that have so many opportunities now a day in Pakistan. WorldCall has made its place in the current market by offering several and unique services. People want now a days some modernized services and WorldCall is properly working to promote these kinds of services. Some of the services are as follows (Video on Demand, cable TV, internet over cable). Currently the Company has several ongoing projects like HFC cable, Point-To-Point corporate broadband services, VSAT (satellite broadband) and DigitalTV which are in the different phases of roll out, all aimed at provisioning of sophisticated data and video services. Reasons for re lated diversification:- To reduce the risk!!! High Compatibility with technical infrastructure!!!!! Support some losses in other segments!! Defensive Strategy WorldCall in September 2009 completed the divesture of its foreign subsidiary WorldCall Lanka. They thought that this should be no more in their business. Forward Integration Although in a very poor state WorldCall is using Franchising as their forward integration strategy, however they do not have much control on their franchises. Product / Service Portfolio Management WorldCall has successfully introduced True Video-On-Demand technology. They have also started WorldCall Wireless Broadband with EVDO technology in the product portfolio. Another very effective service was pay phones and in 2009 officially phased out. Product Development Strategy The product development strategies are one of the most important strategies that should be in business if you want to survive in the market or in the business world. Worldcall is also using product development strategies as it involves development of telecom services and products. They have first mover advantage in CDMA2000 based EVDO wireless broadband. CDMA2000 represents a family of ITU-approved, IMT-2000 (3G) standards and includes CDMA2000 1X and CDMA2000 1xEV technologies. They deliver increased network capacity to meet growing demand for wireless services and high-speed data services. CDMA(code division multiple access) is the fastest growing wireless technology and it will continue to grow at a faster pace than any other technology. It is the platform on which 2G and 3G advanced services are built. Market Development Strategy In market development strategy you have to develop your market, worldcall has developed its market after making analysis. For example WorldCall EVDO Wireless Broadband was initially launched in Karachi followed by Lahore to other major cities including Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Multan and to inclusively to 50 major cities of Pakistan. Same is the expansion of Cable TV service to major cities of Pakistan. Business level strategies WorldCall offers many services under than head of 3 Major Business Segments WorldCall Data WorldCall Voice WorldCall Entertainment WorldCall Data (EVDO Wireless Broadband) WorldCall is following differentiation strategy for WorldCall EVDO wireless because the size of market is large and the product is differentiated for its performance and mobility. WorldCall Voice (LDI Services) WorldCall is following cost-leadership strategy in LDI because of intense and dynamic price competition in LDI market WorldCall Entertainment (Video On Demand) WorldCalls relatively new service is using Focus-Value Strategy because the target market is very small and product offers high degree of control with respect to traditional cable TV. MARKET ANALYSIS Telecom Sectors according to PTA : The Pakistan Telecommunications Authority (PTA) has forced the incumbent fixed-line and broadband operatorPakistan Telecommunication Company Ltd (PTCL) to enter a formal interconnection agreement with rival operators in the xDSL broadband market. The broadband operators, many of which are small and privately owned, have petitioned for reasonable access to PTCLs fixed-line network to help them reduce costs and offer more competitive tariffs. BMI(Business Monitor International) has consistently identified cost as being the single largest barrier to growth in the Pakistani broadband market. In India, where the government is actively pushing for growth, broadband services are available for US$8 per month. In Pakistan however, such services average US$16 per month. With the countrys mobile operators electing to deploy wireless broadband mainly in urban areas, customers in many smaller population centres have little or no high-speed access to the internet. Broadband Growth Now Possible For Pakistan Forecast Broadband Subscriber Growth, 2007-2014 Source: BMI The Pakistani government has tried to encourage service providers to take advantage of rural service provision subsidies via the Universal Services Fund (USF), but rollout has been slow, affected by service providers inability to quickly source and deploy infrastructure. Further problems include the relatively high cost of PCs and laptops and a widespread lack of IT literacy. Segments And Target Market WORLDCALLs TARGET Market PRODUCTS/SERVICES WLL Wireless Local Loop:-WorldCall owns premium spectrum for Wireless Local Loop (WLL) in all 14 telecom regions in the country Telephony and Data services are being offered using wireless CDMA technology Samsungis technology partner / vendor for latest CDMA 2000 1x solution for Phases I II Key technology partner for terminal equipment isLGService launched from Lahore June 2005 EV-DO (Evolution Data Optimized data rate upto 2.4 Mbps) launched in selected areas July 2006 HUAWEITechnologies is the vendor for Phase III rollout, which includes Karachi (the largest metropolitan) Hyderabad Current operations in over 40 cities of Pakistan: Lahore, Gujrat, Kharian, Sheikhupura, Sargodha, Sialkot, Gujranwala, Multan, Bahawalpur, Peshawar, Kasur, Faisalabad, Hyderabad, Joharabad, Sukkur, Wazirabad, Lalamusa, Jhelum, Dinga, Mandi Bahauddin, Rahim Yar Khan, Sahiwal, Bahawalnagar, Vehari, Okara, Khanewal, Raiwind, Muridke, Khushab, Narowal, Pakpattan, Kamoke, Muzaffargarh, Jalalpur, Jhang, Mardan, Burewala, Daska, Mianwali, Leiah, Hafizabad. High speed data service EV-DO Wireless Broadband:-Launched in June 2006. 1x Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO or EVDO), is the wireless radio broadband data standard taken up by various CDMA service providers internationally. WorldCalls service provides data rates upto 2.4 Mbps. Pay Phone:-The largest fixed line payphone operator in Pakistan Introduced the highly successful Supervised Payphone concept in Pakistan Technology: Smart card based wireless payphones CDMA 2000 1x based wireless payphones Operating in both Supervised and Standalone segments WLL payphones have only recently been introduced and are cheaper and faster to deploy Extensive distribution network Highly trained sales and maintenance teams Positioning to be market leader in the overall fixed and wireless payphones market HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coaxial) Broadband:-WorldCall has deployed Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) network in Karachi and Lahore. WorldCall provides customers with the ability to lease dark fiber for high-speed, dedicated fiber optic networks or offers availability of cable ducts for businesses to have their own network. Fiber optic networks are pathways installed in conduits underground or on utility poles. Users of Dark Fiber choose the electronic equipment they wish to use and control their own light signal. This gives Dark Fiber several distinct advantages over traditional telecommunications. Key Features: 100% buried fiber and exclusive owned Right of Ways for Fiber Ducts The most advanced quality Poly / Ethylene pipes/duct Corning SMF-28e (enhanced) version fiber conforming to industry standards including ITU-T G.652 (Categories A, B, C D), IEC 60793-2-50 (type B 1.1 1.3) and TIA/EIA-492 CAAB fiber Flexible networks operating throughout the Single Mode fiber operating window (1300 nm 1650 nm) 247 Vigilance and Emergency Response teams for all fiber routes The only Triple Play network provider conforming to ISO Standards WorldCall Cable Broadband:- Portability Mobility Plug Play No power required Unlimited downloads Unlimited express upload download Always on Does not need telephone line Economical packages WorldCall Digital TV:- Superior picture quality Crisp and clear stereo sound 60+ channels On-screen channel guide WorldCall Cable TV:- Drama, thriller, action, romance, news documentaries 80+ analogue channels Satellite in-house channels Latest movies WorldCall Video on Demand:- WorldCall is the first to launch True VOD, providing a collection of movies and music over the CATV network in digital quality to end-users to choose from their homes. VOD service is ahead of pay-per-view service by giving rewind/fast-forward/pause capability to the viewer. A cinematic addition to your on-screen entertainment Absolute control with play-back options 600+ hours of uninterrupted fun and excitement LDI Long Distance International:- WorldCall has acquired licenses from Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) for Long Distance International (LDI) and Wireless Local Loop services (WLL). Long Distance International (LDI) WorldCall was the first company to start LDI services November 2004 WorldCall provides cost / price effective, quality voice and data solutions for nationwide international markets catering for both the wholesale and retail segments, tailored to their individual requirements Under the LDI license, the services that can be offered include: International Calls Origination and Termination Nationwide (NWD) Calls Origination and Termination Data Value-added services like Corporate Solutions, IP telephony, VPNs etc. WorldCall has deployed state-of-the-art network based on IP technology and NGN (Next Generation Network) architecture with equipment from reputed names like Cisco sytems, Siemens and Nuera. Future proof investment: nationwide long haul infrastructure and access PRICING WorldCall is using Cost-Based approach for pricing in its all business units for all products and services. This approach is most commonly used in a competitive telecom industry. Worldcall Pricing strategy depends upon these factors like: Degree of differentiation in product/service offered Intensity of the competition At the stage in which a product is in Product Life Cycle Premium pricing:- Worldcall charges premiere pricing because they are using differentiation strategy in all of its business units, but not very high prices. They use this strategy mainly for new products/services on the basis of quality differentiation. When a product is new in the market or competition is low. Eg:- WorldCall Video-On-Demand Competitive pricings:- In competitive telecom industry customer switching rates are high worldcall is using competitive pricing strategy in its new worldcall broadband wireless evdo and worldcall wireless to keep up with the competition. DETAILS OF PACKAGE PRICING Wireless Broadband:- Activation Charges: Rs 1,299 Package Price 256 kbps Rs 1200 512 kbps Rs 1800 1 Mbps Rs 2500 Cable Broadband:- Download speed Old Price New price 512Kbps Rs. 1,100 Rs. 700 1Mbps Rs. 1,400 Rs. 1,000 2Mbps Rs. 5,100 Rs. 1,500 4Mbps N/A Rs. 2,000 6Mbps N/A Rs. 4,000 8Mbps N/A Rs. 6,000 10Mbps N/A Rs. 8,000 Digital TV:- Digital TV Packages Digital TV Packages (For Existing Cable TV Customer) One Time Connection Charges Rs.3,500 (Non-refundable) Monthly Charges (DTV) Free Digital TV Packages (For New Cable TV DTV Customer) One Time Connection Charges Rs. 3,500 (Non-refundable) Monthly Charges (DTV) Free Installation Charges (CATV) Free Monthly Charges (CATV) As per described package Set-up cost is non-refundable. Customer Premises Equipment (Cable Modem/Set Top Box) shall remain company property. Cable TV:- Permises Type Installation Subscription 2nd CATV 3rd CATV 4th CATV SFU 500 400 150 80 80 SFA Free 325 100 100 100 Free 800 Free Free 800 MDU Free 800 Free Free 800 SFU (single functional unit):- the banglow which size is more than 250 square yards is called SFU. SFA (single functional apartment):- the banglow which size is less than 250 square yards anda apartment in three floor building is called SFA. MDU(multi development unit):- the apartment in more than three floor building is called MDU. Note:In Rs. 800/=, 03 CATV connections are allowed. Note:Rs. 25/= will be charged every month as infrastructure charges for DHA customers with 1st CATV Connection. Note:Installation charges Rs. 500/= will be applicable on every 4th CATV connection in SFU Video On Demand:- Video On Demand Packages Primary Connection Monthly Rs. Quarterly Rs. Half Yearly Rs. Yearly Rs. VOD Digital Cable TV 1,500 1,425 1,350 1,275 Monthly Rate VOD Digital Cable TV 1,500 4,275 8,100 15,300 Subscription Package Discount % age in Monthly Subscription 5% 10% 15% Connection Charges: Rs. 6,000 (Non-refundable) Set-up cost is non-refundable. Customer Premises Equipment (Cable Modem/Set Top Box) shall remain company property. PLACE / DISTRIBUTION Extensive nationwide distribution network positioned to launch new products as well as service existing ones 50 Offices 220 Cities 59,000 Points-of-sale Existing relationships with third party distributors to enhance penetration Ability to carry third party products immense future potential Customer Service Centers World Call has customer care centers in major cities. Some of These centers have the attractive exterior. Franchises Franchises are in the Poor conditions and World Call have no control on franchises PROMOTION World call is not using intensive promotion strategy they are cutting cost through the low advertising these. PEOPLE An essential ingredient to any service provision is the use of appropriate staff and people. Recruiting the right staff and training them appropriately in the delivery of their service is essential if the organization wants to obtain a form of competitive advantage. Consumers make judgments and deliver perceptions of the service based on the employees they interact with. Staff should have the appropriate interpersonal skills, aptititude, and service knowledge to provide the service that consumers are paying for. In fact these are the people who make the differences among organizations. In case of World Call, People includes Sales Representatives Staff of Customer Care Center Recovery Team For Cable TV and HFC Broadband MARKET SHARE Market Share in LDI WorldCall share is 2,047 Million out 21,983 Million Broadband Share Market share of Broadband technologies, WorldCall owns most of HFC share, with strong share in EVDO segment. WorldCall added highest number of subscribers in May 2010 with a figure of 20,230 additions, its market share increased from 7% to 9%. The number of mobile subscribers in Pakistan reached the 100mn mark in September 2010 and is expected to continue its growth momentum due to the relatively low penetration rate. In this quarter, BMI has adjusted our mobile forecasts and forecast 136.078mn subscribers in Pakistan by end-2015, representing a penetration rate of 70.3%. Pakistans broadband subscriber base reached 1.053mn in October 2010, an increase of 63.5% from the 643,892 in December 2009. While DSL remained the main technology used to access broadband services in the country, alternative wireless solutions WiMAX and EV-DO are catching up fast. The number of DSL users grew by 96.5% from 262,661 in June 2009. By contrast,. The popularity of mobile broadband services is likely due to more subscriber figures of WiMAX and EV-DO increased by 246.6% and 708.5% over the same period to reach 306,665 and 181,947 respectively affordable pricing plans bundled with low-cost mobile devices. Moreover, two-thirds of the population reside in rural areas where fixed-line infrastructure remains poor and wireless broadband service therefore becomes an attractive and relatively cheaper method to bring connectivity to the underserved regions. (Source: BMI) WLL Market Share in Subscription Subscriber Share (WorldCall has 2nd Largest Share in WLL Subscription):- COMPETITORS DETAIL Burraq Wi-tribe Qtel entered into a regional broadband wireless joint venture with ATCO in march 2007, which evolved as a leading Middle Eastern conglomerate and one of the worlds best leading wireless broadband services providers. This joint venture, floated their brand wi-tribe in the starting of 2008 which is form to create demand and establish WiMAX networks in the Middle East, Asia and Africa. Qtel had 78% stake in this overall venture. Wi-tribe intends to leverage Qtels regional operating experience and multinational footprint, roll out excellent quality networks and services in targeted areas, and develop a strong platform for distribution of broadband content. In Jordan, wi-tribe has acquired a license in an auction and is getting ready to launch in 2008. The Jordan market has a high potential for the wireless broadband service and wi-tribe is well positioned to capture the growth in this market. In Pakistan, wi-tribe acquired a 75% stake in Burraq Telecom which has licenses for WiMAX as well as international long distance. Pakistan is an exciting market for broadband with very low penetration rates and huge potential for growth. Burraq Telecom Limited, founded in 2004 is an established operator licensed to offer a full range of telecommunications services across Pakistan, including long distance international and wireless local loop. The company also has associated spectrum at different frequencies. Burraq has recently completed a limited rollout of its Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) network in all of Pakistans 14 regions. Mobilink Infinity LINKDotNET:- LINKdotNET, the leading Internet Service and Solutions Provider, is a subsidiary of Orascom Telecom Holding Company, the largest integrated telecommunications services provider in the region. Mobilink GSM, a subsidiary of Orascom Telecom, started its operations in 1994. Newest to the rank of life-changing innovative technologies is Mobilink Infinity, the revolutionary next generation wireless broadband network. Words from MoblinkAnd it gives us great joy to welcome you to experience Mobilinks evolution into a total telecommunications solutions provider. This holds great prospects for all our valued customers in terms of value-added services, Internet access, next generation of telephony through Voice over IP and exciting cutting-edge services. PTCL Ufone:- Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation Limited (PTCL) which started to operate in January 2001 under the brand name Ufone was wholly owned by Pakistan Telecom Mobile Limited (PTML). After this privatization Ufone became a part of the Emirates Telecommunication Corporation Group (Etisalat) in 2006. PTCL is Direct Competitor with WorldCall in Ptcl EVO Wireless Broadband, Ptcl SmartTV, Ptcl vFone, Ptcl Broadband and LDI. In fact the real cut to cut competition between Worldcall and PTCL is witnessed since many years. Wateen Warid:- Wateen Telecomis a Pakistani telecommunication company based inLahore,Pakistanand is a sister concern ofWarid Telecom. Wateen Telecom is theAbu Dhabi Groups latest communication investment in Pakistan. With the collaboration of Motorola, they plan on deploying a WiMax country-wide network across Pakistan. After the successful launch of Warid Telecom in Pakistan, which has a subscriber base of over 10 million customers in 145 cities, Wateen Telecom has been set up to become the leading Carriers Carrier providing services based on quality, reliability and affordability in the communication and media sector. Wateen is committed to bring Next Generation services to your doorstep today. NayaTel:-(IN ISLAMABAD ONLY) NayaTel (Pvt) Ltd. (NTL) is a sister concern of Micronet Broadband (Pvt) Ltd. (MBL), www.dsl.net.pk the premier and leading DSL broadband service provider in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Leveraging its rich expertise and experience of broadband, MBL team conceived the idea of a most modern telecom network which can take care of ever growing telecommunication needs of customers and have the capability to cater for telecommunication requirements of at least next three decades. The idea was transformed into reality when NTL launched South Asias first fiber to the home (FTTH) in Islamabad in September 2006. This real triple play project is unique in its nature as it serves complex networking needs of mission critical businesses yet so simple that it has become a symbol of prestige for quality conscious home users. Covering over 90% areas of Islamabad and business areas of Rawalpindi Cantonment, Nayatels network offers ultra broadband Internet, modern telephony and digital video services to business and home users. Fiber-to-the-User is 21st century architecture for delivering multiple services (Voice, Video and Data) to the customer premises. This technology involves laying down fiber optic cable from the carriers facilities to the customer premises. With the ever-decreasing price of Fiber Optic and the rising cost of copper, use of copper cables worldwide is on the decrease. Fiber Optic cables have near-unlimited capacity for carrying data at speeds not supported by Copper media. Financial Analysis Key performance indicators 2010 2009 Net Profit After Tax (NPAT) -1,147 Million -491 Million Depreciation and Amortization 6,143 Million 4,584 Million RATIOS Gross Profit Margin % [(Gross Profit Net Sales)] 11.58% 16% Net Profit Margin % [(NPAT Net Sales)] -15.32% -6% Debt Coverage (Times) [(NPAT + Depr.) (LTD + Interest)] 0.58 0.28 Interest Coverage (Times) [(Net Operating Profit Interest Exp)] -1.02 -0.03 Current Ratio [(Current Assets Current Liabilities)] 0.75 : 1 0.80 : 1 Quick Ratio [(Current Assets-Invt.)Curr. Liab.] 0.40 : 1 0.74 : 1 Debt To Equity Ratio [( LTD (LTD + Equity) ] * 100] 0.46 : 1 0.47 : 1 Cash Ratio [cash current liabilities ] 0.02 : 1 0.06 : 1 Working Capital [ Current Assets Current Liabilities ] (4,803 Million) (1,167 Million) Inventory Days [(Inventory COGS) x 365] 11 days 8 days Inventory Turnover [(Sales Inventory)] 38.69 times 46.17 times Payable Turnover [(Sales Trade Creditors)] 1.61 times 3.75 times Receivable Turnover [(Sales Trade Debtors)] 3.70 times 3.97 times Return On Equity % [(NPAT Net Worth )] -6.04% -0.04% Return On Assets % [(NPAT Total Assets)] -3.02% -0.02% Receivable (Days) [(Trade Debts Net Sales) x 365] 99 days 92 days Payable (Days) [(Trade Creditors Net Sales) x 365] 226 days 98 days EPS [(NPAT) No. Of Shares Outstanding] -1.33 -0.57 Cash Flow Statement Cash Flow from Operating Activities 1,489 Million 1,535 Million Cash Flow from Investing Activities -1,206 Million -1,889 Million Cash Flow from Financing Activities -434 Million 126 Million LIQUIDITY RATIOS Current Ratio [(Current Assets Current Liabilities)] 0.75 : 1 0.80 : 1 It tells us that current liabilities could be 75% paid off through current assets. Quick Ratio [(Current Assets-Inventory)Current Liabilities] 0.40 : 1 0.74 : 1 It tells us that current liabilities could be 40% paid off through Quick Liquidatable Assets. Cash Liquidity Ratio [ cash current liabilities ] 0.02 : 1 0.06 : 1 It tells us that current liabilities could be 2% paid off through Cash Inventory Days [(Inventory COGS) x 365] 11 days 8 days Inventory sold out period is increased to 11 days from 8 days last year. Receivable (Days) [(Trade Debts Net Sales) x 365] 99 days 92 days Average Collection Period is increased by 7 days. Payable (Days) [(Trade Creditors Net Sales) x 365] 226 days 98 days Average payable period is increased by 128 days. TURNOVER RATIOS Inventory Turnover [(Sales Inventory)] 38.69 times 46.17 times It tells us how World call manages its inventories. Receivable Turnover [(Sales Trade Debtors)] 3.70 times 3.97 times It tells us the collection pattern of the World Call. Payable Turnover [(Sales Trade Creditors)] 1.61 times 3.75 times It tells us the firms pattern of payment to suppliers. Leverage Ratios:- Debt Coverage (Times) [(NPAT + Depr.) (CMLTD + Interest)] 0.58 0.28 It tells us how many times Current Maturing Long-term Debt could be paid off through current earnings. Interest Coverage (Times) [(Net Operating Profit Interest Exp)] -1.02 -0.03 It tells us how many times interest can be paid through Operating Profit. Debt To Equity Ratio [( LTD (LTD + Equity) ] * 100] 0.46 : 1 0.47 : 1 World call maintain his debt to equity ratio almost constant as last year. PROFITABILITY RATIOS:- Gross Profit Margin % [(Gross Profit Net Sales)] 11.58% 16% It tells us the ability of the World Call to control cost of goods sold which might be occur through increase in prices. The GP Margin is decreased by 4.42% last year. Net Profit Margin % [(NPAT Net Sales)] -15.32% -6% Tells us profitability after consideration o all revenue and expense, including interest, taxes and non-operating items. it decrease by 9.32% last year. Return On Equity % [(NPAT Net Worth )] -6.04% -0.04% Tells us the rate of return on Stockholders Investment. (ROI) Return On Assets % [(NPAT Total Assets)] -3.02% -0.02% Tells us the efficiency in managing investment in assets in order to generating profits. EPS [(NPAT) No. Of Shares Outstanding] -1.33 -0.57 Tells the earning per common share. Financial Overview:- The year remained somewhat dismal on the front of financial performance. The Company was not able to sustain the revenue levels which it achieved last year. Primarily the fall came due to decline in international termination, delay in roll outs and tariff adjustments in response to price wars. The LDI segment of the Company remained under pressure due to lower APC (Access Promotion Contribution) charges and termination rate instability. The price cuts forced due to the gravity of competition and lower traffic volumes adversely impacted the revenue lines. The depleting margins aggravated the position as the cost of operations continuously soared on account of macro-economic instability, energy crises, and inflationary trends prevailing in the economy. The decline of international segment was partly compensated as the Company strengthened its position in the data and EVDO segment. However the desired targets in these segments too could not be materialized due to delay in expansion and upgrade plans. The Company posted revenue of Rs 7,464 million which was 11% lower than the last year total. Despite all endeavors of cost rationalization on the part of management, the direct and operating costs remained high on account of heavy depreciation charges, network maintenance expenses and rising cost of doing business. The decline in revenue together with higher cost levels translated to operating loss of Rs 762 million. The finance cost also showed 42% increase due to exposure to high cost borrowings. Fall in the overall revenue together with high levels of costs led to closure of period with net loss of Rs 1,147 million. Another thing came as the Company closed TFC-III redemption worth Rs 817 million in Oct 2010. Subsequent to that, redemption of Rs. 71 million against TFC-II was also accomplished. These hefty payoffs nevertheless led to accumulation of some other liabilities on the balance sheet, but honoring of such heavy commitments to financial institutions in time can be seen as a good gesture, which leads a company to have loss for the period. On the other hand, the mitigation of hefty liabilities will not only ease the finance cost burden but would also spare resources for productive usage in turn leading to further enhancement in the cash generating ability of the Company. The decline in debt servicing costs will also improve the profitability in the years ahead. Performance Overview:- The EVDO expansion project was also successfully conducted during the year and the presence in seven major cities across the country was effectively accomplished. To support the scale of operations and to meet the customer requirement for fast and reliable services, the Company increased number of sites and upgraded the existing sites as well. The first phase of funding comprising term facility of US $35 million against corporate guarantee of Omantel has been successfully accomplished subsequent to year end. All procedural requirements in this regard have been successfully complied with. Problem Section Main Problems according to Management:- Omantel has totally changed system of management for the company. Reducing of advertisements expense due to pressure of cost cutting. Same reasons for not having large Marketing staff. Omantel emphasizing on ERP The delay in process of initiating an ERP. ERP is time-consuming process. New Managers are involved into current issues of the company. Previously they were multiple companies now all of the accounts have been reorganized and similar accounts have to be merged. Main Problems according to our Analysis:- Giving unusual importance to LDI from very beginning. Branding and Positioning not done through proper process. Very weak franchising strategies. Franchises strength missing. Heavily lacking Long term strategies. We observe lack of coordination between different Departments. Lack of use of BCG MATRIX for their product portfolio. Market Penetration was earlier used in Voice segment but now being avoided. Complains by customers due to conflict in network capacity and after sale services. Loosing potential buyers due to less Advertising. Less Promotional strategies and sales staff. No ERP, inappropriate CRM and Professional Accounting Software. Omantel is not involving low level staff in business matters. Strategic Alternatives:- Solutions to solve the problems:- The change process must be moved top to down gradually by Omantel. Every level of Management must be involved in the change process. Delays in ERP (SAP) must be overcome by WC, by diverting their focus on ERP implementation on preference basis. Business Process Reengineering is preferable solution to WC over all problems. Using of BCG MATRIX is very important for WC to understand their DOG and STAR products. Branding and positioning must be revised for many segments. Customer complaints and customer churn rate can be reduced by sensible installing of networks and sales. The whole experience of the customer from the first interaction at the touch point to the consistent usage of the service will be enriched. Co-ordination between many Departments must be improved as soon as possible. Omantel is coming up with Fresh Long term plans which are a good sign; well it is highly needed and must be implemented with unanimous agreement. The avoidance of market penetration will not benefit WC in long run, thus WC must behave more Competitive. WC must buy professional software. First of all, franchising strength must be increased all over the country, and then Franchises must be made more modern and must be made more productive in reference to services and sale. Omantel must refrain from such act which creates a perception of job insecurity between the employees. WC having very strong physical network, the only need is timely maintenance and proper resource utilization. The planned network upgrades and expansions will ensure delivery of seamless, high quality and reliable services to end users The process of creating awareness about the Companys portfolio and building an image of reliability and quality will also be addressed with a keen vision. Financial Measures The whole Financial Projection for Worldcall is out of the scope of this report. But we suggest some important measures that World Call should take in order to cope up with the current loss scenario. Sales should be increased with the rapidly increase in subscribers which results in increase in ARPU (Average Revenue per User). Cut down Direct Costs as well as Operating Costs. Long-term Debt should be paid as soon as possible, which results in heavy financial cost. Manage Cash in that manner so Working Capital should become positive. Implementation plan The implementation plan is discussed and suggested according to different segments of the company:- Overall Segment:- Voice Segment:- Data Segment:- Entertainment Segment:- FUTURE PROJECTIONS Pakistan continued its decline on BMIs Business Environment Ratings for the Asia-Pacific region. Although the country scored relatively well on the Industry Rewards and Risks segment, we note the country faces significant downside pressure on the macroeconomic front. While we upgraded the countrys headline growth forecast figure to 1.5% for FY2010/11. (Source: BMI) Conclusion WorldCall is a competent telecom company in Pakistan with huge infrastructure and backed by strong parent company Omantel. It has strong potential to compete and grow as a leading diverse telecom company. We have gone through thorough analysis of WorldCall and studied almost every aspect of the company; we have recommended strategies, solutions to major problems faced by WorldCall. We also provided three year implementation plan that represent a clear growth strategy for WorldCall.